Urban / Rural Areas

Question 1

Characteristics of rural settlements (3)

Answer 1

• Outside towns and cities
• Dispersed population distribution
• Low population density

Question 2

Characteristics of urban settlements (3)

Answer 2

• Within towns and cities
• concentrated population distributions
• High population density

Question 3

Define urbanization

Answer 3

The transitioning of a rural to urban population

Question 4

How urbanization began (3)

Answer 4

• Agricultural revolution and plant/animal domestication
• People had time for things other than gathering food
• Thus, new ideas and technology spread to other places (cultural diffusion)

Question 5

What determines distance between cities (2)

Answer 5

• Population density (When density is high, cities can exist)
• Travel technology (cities once had to be closer because it was either train or foot)

Question 6

Define Threshold Population, and low-order/high-order goods/services

Answer 6

Threshold population is the minimum number of people required to support a service
- Low-order goods have small thresholds and are available everywhere
- High-order goods have large thresholds so are available only in big cities

Question 7

What determines settlement patterns (3)

Answer 7

• Resources
• Transportation (people needed to be close to water as main vehicle was the boat)
• Government (survey systems ensure people have access to resources and transportation)

Question 8

List 3 rural settlement patterns

Answer 8

• Long lots (long, narrow strips of property stemming off a river)
• Concession system (large roads off a lake connected by smaller roads)
• Section system (9.6x9.6km squares divided 36 sections and 4 lots each)

Question 9

Difference between non-basic industries and basic industries

Answer 9

Basic industries bring money into the city from the outside.
Non-basic industries move money around the city, and provide service to locals.

Question 10

Define the multiplier effect

Answer 10

• States that every job in a basic industry creates 3 non-basic jobs

Question 11

List types of urban centers (6)

Answer 11

• tourist cities
• industrial cities
• transportation hubs
• resource-based community
• service center
  ** + diversified cities

Question 12

Formula of urbanization

Answer 12

(urban people / total people) x 100

Question 13

List categories of land use in order of area (6)

Answer 13

1. residential
2. transportation
3. public buildings
4. recreational
5. industrial
6. commercial

Question 14

Factors that affect residential density (2)

Answer 14

• Cost of land (higher cost = higher density)
• Age of neighbourhood (older = higher density, smaller homes)

Question 15

List the three types of roads

Answer 15

• Expressways (large capacity, large distance)
• Arterial roads (moderate capacity, shorter distance)
• Local roads (small capacity, short distance)

Question 16

List the five types of commercial shops

Answer 16

• Local Service Center (small, plenty, for locals)
• Neighbourhood plaza / ribbons (meant to attract drivers)
• Community shopping center (smaller mall)
• Regional shopping center (big mall, high-order goods)
• Central Business District

Question 17

What happened to industrial land use after the 1940s?

Answer 17

Prior to the 1940s, industry developed in the CBD to be closer to waterways, railways, and workers
After the 1940s, industry moved to the suburbs as it was less expensive and workers had cars

Question 18

Factors affecting land use (4)

Answer 18

• land value (high in attractie areas, high value requires commercial buildings, industry which requires high space but low value move to suburbs)
• technology (transportation)
• zoning (laws to avoid conflict in land use)
• climate (e.g., harsh cold requires indoor spaces, heat requires ac)

Question 19

Describe two methods to urban expansion

Answer 19

• Building up (in-filling: putting new buildings on vacant laws, replacing low-rise with high-rise, less space but expensive)
• Building out (maintains density, more need for cars, spreads out city resources and creates financial squeeze, urban sprawl)

Question 20

Define industry (3)

Answer 20

• Economic activities found in a region
• What people make for money
• Requires raw materials, building tools, and human labour (natural, capital, human resources)