Industries

Question 1

Define industry (3)

Answer 1

• Economic activities found in a region
• What people make for money
• Requires raw materials, building tools, and human labour (natural, capital, human resources)

Question 2

Four categories of industry.

Answer 2

Primary: Extraction / cultivation of raw material.
Secondary: Processing of material into final product
Tertiary: Services to support society and other industries
Quaternary: Production of ideas

Question 3

Define renewable resources. (2)

Answer 3

• Resources that replace themselves through natural processes on short time scales.
• Can be harvested forever if they are removed slower than they grow (Sustained yield management)

Question 4

Describe the east coast. (5)

Answer 4

• Atlantic ocean
• Most valuable fishery
• Mainly fishes cod (especially in the Grand Banks)
• Water is shallow, allowing for a rich food web
• In decline due to bycatch and ghost gear

Question 5

Describe the west coast. (2)

Answer 5

• Mainly fishes salmon
• In decline due to overfishing, environment, and Canadian / American policy disagreements

Question 6

Describe freshwater (2)

Answer 6

• Found in Great Lakes, Lake Winnipeg, and Great Slave Lake
• Mainly fishes perch, pickerel, trout, and whitefish

Question 7

List the three types of fish.

Answer 7

1. Ground fish: Found near the bottom of water
2. Pelagic fish: Found in surface water or open ocean
3. Shell fish: Not fish but other aquatic life that live in exoskeletons

Question 8

List the factors that control the success of agriculture. (4)

Answer 8

• Climate: Heat and moisture
• Soil: Humus layer
• Topography: Flat land is best
• Biology: Pollinators vs. predators

Question 9

Define famine.

Answer 9

Widespread hunger and starvation due to temporary food shortage.

Question 10

Describe subsistence farming. (3)

Answer 10

• Farming to meet the needs of a family
• Most common in developing nations
• Wider range of food

Question 11

Describe cash-crop farming. (2)

Answer 11

• Selling agricultural products for profit
• Grows monocultures to be more efficient

Question 12

Describe extensive farming.

Answer 12

• Using a lot of land and natural processes

Question 13

Describe intensive farming.

Answer 13

• Using a small amount of land and human labour, machinery, and chemicals

Question 14

Define GMOs and explain how they are a problem. (5)

Answer 14

GMO: Genetically modified organisms, mutated to have properties better for humans
- increases chemical use
- creates chemical-resistant pests
- May outcompete natural plants
- Ownership or terminator seeds

Question 15

List issues in the farming industry. (5)

Answer 15

• GMOs
• Soil damage (leeching, compaction, erosion)
• Contamination (chemicals)
• Industrial processes / machinery (contaminants)
• Loss of farmland (city sprawl)

Question 16

Describe 3 logging methods

Answer 16

1. Clear-cutting: Removing every tree.
2. Shelterwood cutting: Leaving some mature forest for regrowth.
3. Selective cutting: removing only some mature trees.

Question 17

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