Urban-Rural Flashcards
Champion , 1989
Although urbanization has grown in many eastern and southern European countries in the post-war period much on north-west Europe has experienced a process of suburbanization and counter-urbanization (Champion, 1989; Cheshire, 1995)
Clark, 1995
In the space of a few decades, the racial and ethnic composition of American cities has changed dramatically as a result of both high levels of immigration, particularly into key ‘gateway’ cities (Clark, 1995)
Mike Davis (1990) and Ed Soja (1992)
Mike Davis (1990) and Ed Soja (1992) used the term ‘Fortress LA’ to characterize he withdrawal of affluent people behind defensive walls
Wilson (1987; 1996)
Wilson argues that ghetto problems are only too real and cannot be ignored or brushed aside; he argues instead that they are a result of the changing employment, racial and demographic structure of American inner cities aided by systematic discrimination.
The attitudes and behaviors found in black poverty areas are a response to the problems faced by their residents rather than reflecting an innate culture of lawlessness, criminality and immorality
Social conservative view of ghettoism
Social conservatives attribute the problems of the black ghetto to the attitudes and behaviors of its residents
Liberalist view of ghettoism
The liberals ignore or deny the reality of anti-social behavior in the black ghetto and have yielded the field to conservative popularizers
Sassen, 1990
The economic decline of older cities has been paralelled by the rise of a small number of major world or global cities (Sassen, 1990).
Ley (1996)
As Ley (1996) shows the rise of a service-based economy has been paralleled by the growth of a new professional, managerial, technical and creative middle class, generally highly educated and highly paid.