Local/Global

Question 1

Nick Entrekin (1991; 1994)

Answer 1

argued that geographers have been interested in the local for three interrelated reasons:

Question 2

Nick Entrekin first way

Answer 2

First, they have emphasised the actually existing variations in economy, society and culture between places’ or what Entrikin terms the ‘empirical significance of place’.

Question 3

Nick Entrekin second way

Answer 3

spatial variations do not only exist they are valued, or seen as a good thing. There is, what Entrikin calls a ‘normative significance to place’. Sometimes thie is expressd as a celebration of difference

Question 4

Nick Entrekin third importance

Answer 4

involves a concern with the impact of the local on the kinds of understanding or knowledges that geographers themselves produce what he calls the ‘epistemological significance of place’ - this involves a scepticism towards general theories that claim equal applicability everywhere.

Question 5

Phil Crang

Answer 5

Phil Crang discusses the 4 discourses of the global

Question 6

Phil Crang - exploration

Answer 6

A discourse of exploration driven by a desire to ‘know the world’. Exploration was central Geography’s early history and is still shapes the most popular parts of the subject

Question 7

Phil Crang - Development

Answer 7

Discourse of development with its hope of ‘improving the world’. - a world vision matters not only in order to rectify ignorance of the world’s diversity, but also to explain and act against inequalities between North and south

Question 8

Phil Crang - environmentalism

Answer 8

Discourse of global environmentalism - thinking globally is essential here but also to understand the true environmental impacts of our local actions

Question 9

Phil Crang - Global compression

Answer 9

Discourse on global compression - ‘shrinking of the world’ (Harvey, 1989:240-307). emphasis there is on the increasingly dense interconnections between people and places on other sides of the world from each other.

Question 10

a mosaic

Answer 10

a collection of local peoples and places, each one being a piece in the broader global pattern

Question 11

Mosaic at a regional level

Answer 11

At a regional level, geographers, and others such as regional novelists and folklorists, have long evoked distinctive landscapes and connected them to distinct regional ways of life (Gillbert, 1972; Pocock, 1981)

Question 12

Mosaic at a national level

Answer 12

At the level of the nation the whole idea of nationalities depends upon constructing distinctive pieces of an international mosaic; establishing borders and distinguishing between this country and that country; our people and those foreigners.

Question 13

A Mosaic in detail

Answer 13

First, it puts an emphasis on boundary and borders. Second, and relatedly, these areas are understood in terms of their unique characters, personalities or traditions. That is, each piece of the mosaic is seen as having distinct ‘contents’. Third, this means that any intrusions into this distinctive areas tend to be seen as a threat to its unique character.

Question 14

Systems

Answer 14

see local differences as produced by a global system - the difference between places are not seen as a consequence of their internal qualities but as a result of their location within the wider world

Question 15

Jim Blaut (systems)

Answer 15

“Capitalism arose as a world-scale process: as a world system. Capitalism became concentrated in Europe because colonialism gave Europeans the power both to develop their own society and to prevent development from occurring elsewhere

Question 16

The Globbal in the systems model

Answer 16

The global in this model is portrayed as a set of relations through which local differences are produced. Here the emphasis is less on collection and comparison than connection

Question 17

Doreen Massey

Answer 17

She looks as how the distinctiveness of a particular place is not threatened by connections to the wider world. but actually comes from them (Massey, 1995). In consequence, she says, we need ‘a global sense of place’. (Massey, 1994).