Urban LEDC'S Flashcards
1
Q
Name 5 push factors?
A
- draught
- bad housing
- crop failure
- conflict
- mechanisation of agriculture
2
Q
What are the reasons behind migration in Mexico City and when did it happen?
A
- Between 1920 and 1921 people migrated from other parts in Mexico to Mexico city to escape the violence occurring in other parts
- 1950’s and 1960’s migration increased as Mexico introduced a policy called import substitution, where Mexico would make their own goods instead of importing. This caused the rapid growth in the number of industries and thus creating many jobs. At first people just came by themselves, but later started to bring their family as well.
3
Q
What are some disadvantages of Dharavi?
A
- low wages
- overcrowding
- open sewage
- situated between two railway lines
- huge risk of fire
- rates of cholera, diphtheria and TB run high
4
Q
What are some advantages of Dharavi?
A
- overwhelming sense of community
- 85% of people have jobs
- $500-$650 million accumulated business
- India’s largest recycling and plastic facility
- hundreds of small businesses
- virtually no crime
5
Q
What are the solutions to the problems in Dharavi?
A
- recycling industry employs thousands of people
- government plan to knock the slums and recycling plant down and build 14 story flats. For slum dwellers to live there they have to have lived in the slums since 200, and then can still only live on the ground floor
6
Q
What are some solutions to problems in Rio?
A
- forced evictions of squatter settlements to clear land for formal development
- increase taxes on the rich
- low cost housing
- increasing policing
7
Q
What are some problems in Rio de Janeiro?
A
- largely controlled by drug lords
- lack of services (water, electricity)
- lack of sewers
- thriving indigenous diseases
- flooding
- landslides due to topographical complexity
8
Q
What is UPP?
A
- a policy of police occupation of the city’s slums
- aimed at expelling the heavily armed drug traffickers who previously dominated them
- Pacifying Police Units
9
Q
What are the stages of UPP?
A
- data and intelligence collected before an operation
- special forces, BOPE, enter and occupy land, driving drug dealers out
- UPP installed in slums
- regular evaluation of discussing progress with community leaders, police, other interested parties such as NGOs
10
Q
Give details about a government scheme.
A
- Chennai, India Upgrading of slums
- 1 bath and toilet per 10 families
- 1 public fountain per 20 families
- 1 street light per 40m of road
- 1 pre-school per 200 families
- had poor maintenance and high rent
11
Q
Give details about a self-help scheme?
A
- Cario, Egypt
- 2-3 million living in Cities of the Dead, residence in tombs of old Cario
- 0.5 million living in homemade huts on roof tops or in roof spaces
- illegal second floor built and home collapsed
12
Q
What is a water initiative in Nigeria?
A
- streams contain contaminated water which causes stomach pains and diarrhoea (fatal for children)
- CAFOD helped build water filters made of sand, gravel and charcoal
- water went in dark green and smelling foul, but 10 minutes later came out clean pure water
- reduced constant diseases and sickness and reduced infant mortality rates
13
Q
What is a water initiative in Bangladesh?
A
- before sanitation blocks people would be lucky to wash every 3 days
- now they can wash on a daily basis
- has given people a clean and private place to wash
- people are much healthier and sanitation is a lot better
14
Q
What are aquapaks and how do they work?
A
- made of plastic and air-filled bubbles
- designed to heat water to 65C using sunlight
- water borne parasites will be killed, making the water safe to drink
- not reversible
- has an indicator to show when the required temperature has been reached to start the pasteurisation process
- estimated to cost less that $1 to be made and produces up to 20l of drinking water a day
15
Q
What are megacities?
A
-cities of 10 million people or more
