Urban Issues & Challenges Flashcards
What happens as the number of people living in rural areas decreases?
The urban share of the world population increases
What is population density?
The number of people per km²
Describe an urban area in a rural context
Usually has a lower population, nucleated
What are nucleated villages?
Villages centred around a particular thing
What are linear villages?
Villages built mainly down roads
How many megacities where there in 1975?
4 - Tokyo, New York, Mexico City and São Paulo
How many mega cities are there today?
Over 20
What are the four biggest megacities?
- Tokyo-Yokohama, Japan
- Jakarta, Indonesia
- Delhi, India
- Manila, Philippines
What has been the main driver over the past 50 years in LICs and NEEs urbanisation?
Rural-urban migration
What are the factors affecting the population of a city?
Births, death, in-migration, out-migration
Example of an environmental push factor?
Climate change means unpredictable weather -> extreme weather, drought
Example of an economical push factor?
Not enough income e.g. farmers who cannot sell enough crops, no jobs
Example of a social push factor?
Ethnic discrimination, crime, poor healthcare, large family -> too many mouths to feed
Example of a political push factor?
War, ethnic cleansing, corrupt governments
Example of an environmental pull factor?
Cleaner water -> pipes, less prone to extreme weather because inland
Example of an economical pull factor?
More jobs, lower cost of living, medical care
Example of a social pull factor?
Better schools and housing, religious freedom
Example of a political pull factor?
Feel safer, democratic government-> fair/just
Impacts for the recipient of rural to urban migration?
Overcrowding, large shanty towns on areas no one wants e.g. steep slopes
Impacts for the donor of rural to urban migration?
Less people to grow crops, communities don’t function when there are not enough people -> encourage more people to move to cities
Do people have a better quality of life in urban areas?
Even though shanty towns form so housing is poorer than in rural areas, communities also form which could mean a better quality of life
Which is the largest and wealthiest city in Nigeria?
Lagos
What has improved in Lagos in the 21st century?
Life expectancy, years spent in school and wealth
due to:
high levels of health care, education and employment
Is healthcare available in Lagos?
Yes, but its not free