Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AQA GCSE Geography (9-1) > Key Terms > Flashcards

Key Terms Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
GCSE Geography - AQA flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route B flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route A flashcards U.S. Geography flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route A flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route B flashcards World Geography flashcards
1
Q

Relief?

A

The shape of the land

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mass movement?

A

Small landslides due to gravity move material into the stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Fjords?

A

Drowned glaciated valleys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Peat?

A

Soft, mossy, squidgy land. When squashed further it makes coal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Quartzite?

A

Hard upland rock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Watershed?

A

The edge of the drainage basin, a ridge of highland forming the boundary between two drainage basins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Tributary?

A

A smaller river that comes off the main stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Confluence?

A

Where two rivers join

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Source?

A

Where two rivers join

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Estuary?

A

Where the main stream enters the sea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Floodplain?

A

The whole of the flat river valley

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

V shaped valley?

A

A steep sided valley close to the source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Meander?

A

The winding course of a river

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Levee?

A

Course embankments that form at the sides of a river

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Erosion?

A

The sculpting of a landscape, for example by rivers (sea, wind, ice) including the removal of material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Weathering?

A

The decay or breaking down of rocks in situ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Abrasion?

A

Where sand and pebbles are dragged along the river bed (corrasion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hydraulic action?

A

Where fast flowing water is forces into cracks, breaking up the bank over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Attrition?

A

Where rocks and stones wear away each other as they knock together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Solution?

A

Where rocks such as limestone as dissolved in acid rainwater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Traction?

A

Method used to move largest material - boulders rolled along the bed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Suspension?

A

Method of carrying very fine material so that it floats in the river

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Saltation?

A

Method that moves small stones and grains or sand by voicing them along the bed of the river

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The Hjulström curve?

A

A graph to show how the speed of the river flow affect the size of the particles in the water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Stem flow?

A

Water dripping down the stems and trunks of vegetation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Precipitation?

A

Moisture falling out of the atmosphere (rain, hail, sleet and snow)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Interception?

A

Water held in the foliage of vegetation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Surface storage?

A

Water held as puddles/pools on the land surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Infiltration?

A

Downward movement of water entering the ground as soil becomes increasingly wet and soft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Percolation?

A

Downward movement of water into the bedrock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Groundwater flow?

A

The slowest movement of water which occurs in the bedrock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Water table?

A

Level of water that occurs when all the pores in the soil have been filled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Evaporation?

A

Loss of water into water vapour surfaces due to insulation (sunlight)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Through flow?

A

Sideways movement of water that can eventually cause a spring on the side of a valley (through soil)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Transpiration?

A

Water loss from the pores of vegetation into the atmosphere as water vapour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Surface runoff?

A

A quick movement of water that occurs on the land surface when either the storm is too heavy for water to be absorbed by the soil, where rock is impermeable or when the soil becomes saturated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Permeable?

A

Water can infiltrate into the rock through pore spaces (porosity) or along cracks e.g. vertical joints (pervious)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Porous rock/porosity?

A

The size of gaps between the particles of rock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Pervious rock?

A

Has gaps or cracks which allow water to move through the rock

40
Q

Impermeable rock?

A

Water cannot pass through the rock

41
Q

Discharge?

A

Amount of water passing in river at a given time

42
Q

Lag time?

A

The gap or time between peak rainfall and peak discharge (highest river level)

43
Q

‘Quick flow’/Storm flow?

A

The discharge attributed to a single storm. Comes from surface runoff, and later by through flow

44
Q

Normal/Base flow?

A

Usual amount of water in the river. Provided by groundwater flow

45
Q

Hard engineering?

A

Involves busing structures to demoed places from floodwater

46
Q

Soft engineering?

A

Involves adapting to flood risks and allowing natural processes to deal with rainwater

47
Q

Climate change?

A

A long-term change in the Earth’s climate, especially a change due to an increase in the average atmospheric temperature

48
Q

Economic impact?

A

The effect of an event on the wealth of an area or community

49
Q

Ecosystem?

A

A community of plants and animals that interact with one another and their physical environment

50
Q

Environmental impact?

A

The effect of an event on the landscape and ecology of the surrounding area

51
Q

Extreme weather?

A

When a weather event is significantly different from the average or usual weather pattern, and is especially sever or unseasonal

52
Q

Global atmospheric circulation?

A

The worldwide system of winds, which transports heat from tropical to polar latitudes

53
Q

Social impact?

A

The effect of an event on the lives of people or a community

54
Q

Sustainable development?

A

Development that meets the needs of the present without limiting the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

55
Q

Tropical storm?

A

An area of low pressure with winds loving in a spiral around the calm central point called he ‘eye’ of the storm

56
Q

Arid?

A

A climate where there is not enough precipitation to support vegetation growth

57
Q

Convection cell?

A

When differences in air temperature lead to the formation of areas of high and low air pressure; they become linked together by flows of warmer and cooler air

58
Q

Coriolis effect?

A

The deflection, or bending, of the wind due to the rotational spin of the Earth

59
Q

Cyclone?

A

Another term for a tropical storm

60
Q

Drought?

A

A long period of low rainfall

61
Q

Environment agency (EA)?

A

The organisation responsible for tackling environmental threats like pollution and flooding in the U.K. Its directly funded by the government

62
Q

Human resilience?

A

People’s ability to adapt to difficult conditions

63
Q

Hurricane?

A

Another term for a tropical storm

64
Q

Hydro-meteorological hazard?

A

Natural hazard caused by atmospheric processes and any associated flooding

65
Q

Insolation?

A

The amount of solar radiation (sunlight) an area receives over a specific time

66
Q

Jet stream?

A

A fast-flowing current of air that circles the planet at a height of 10km

67
Q

Landslide?

A

A rapid mass movement of surface material down a slope

68
Q

Latitude?

A

Alone drawn from west to east on a map showing where places li reliance to the equator and poles

69
Q

Management strategies?

A

Techniques of controlling, responding to, or dealing with an event

70
Q

Storm surge?

A

When a storm creates strong waves and a rise on sea level, leading to coastal flooding

71
Q

Thermal expansion?

A

When the sea expands and becomes larger as a result of increased temperature

72
Q

Typhoon?

A

Another term for a tropical storm

73
Q

Weather?

A

The state of the atmosphere at a given time and place, with resources to variables such as precipitation, wind speed, air pressure

74
Q

Climate?

A

The average weather in a region over a long period of time

75
Q

Hydro-meteorological hazard?

A

A hazard such as a flood which is weather induced

76
Q

Solar radiation?

A

Energy coming into the earth from the sun (insolation or short wave radiation)

77
Q

Invisible infrared radiation?

A

Energy leaving the earth to outer space

78
Q

Mitigation?

A

Deals with the causes

79
Q

Adaptation?

A

Responds to impacts

80
Q

Urbanisation?

A

The process by which an increasing percentage of a country’s population moves to live in towns and cities

81
Q

Mega city?

A

A city with over 10 million people

82
Q

Natural increase?

A

When there are more births that deaths. The greater the difference between birth rate and death rate; the faster the population grows

83
Q

Migration?

A

The process whereby people move to live in another place, this may be forced or voluntary

84
Q

Push factors?

A

These are reasons why people migrate from a place e.g. the water supply is unreliable

85
Q

Pull factors?

A

These are reasons why people migrate to a place e.g. there are lots of jobs available

86
Q

LICs?

A

Low income countries

87
Q

HICs?

A

High income countries

88
Q

NEEs?

A

Newly emerging economies

89
Q

Formal economy?

A

Jobs monitored by the government, involves contract with working hours and pay

90
Q

Informal economy?

A

Jobs not taxed by the government

91
Q

Polar front?

A

The boundary between cold polar air and warm tropical air

92
Q

Anticyclone?

A

A large scale circulation of usually gentle winds around a central region of high pressure, clockwise circulation in the northern hemisphere

93
Q

Depression?

A

Where warm and cold air meet, usually at mid latitudes over the UK - warm air rises, creating low pressure on the ground. Wind in opposite direction to anticyclones

94
Q

Cultural mix?

A

A place with integration of cultures

95
Q

Multiculturalism?

A

A country or place that has more than one culture living together in close proximity

96
Q

Gentrification?

A

The process of renovating and improving a house or district by higher income earners

97
Q

Urban greening?

A

Increasing the proportion of green space within a city

AQA GCSE Geography (9-1) (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions