Urban issues and Solutions - Favellas

Question 1

What are the 5 social solutions to the challenges.

Answer 1

• Healthcare
• Education
• Water supply
• Power supply
• Crime

Question 2

Social solution to Healthcare inequality

Answer 2

• Santa Marta (favella) = 13km away from nearest hospital
  ~> Medical staff + health kits into peoples homes
  -> 20+ diseases detected/ treated
  -> IMR dec. + LE inc.

Question 3

Social solution to lack of Education.

Answer 3

• Authorities imp. access to education
  > Encouraged locals to volunteer at schools
  > Giving grants to poor families
  > Private university in Rocinha Favella

Question 4

Social solution to Water supply

Answer 4

• Improving water supply at Favellas + Olympic Park
  > 7 new water treatment plants (1998 - 2014)
  > 300km+ water pipes
  >By 2014, 95% of population would have access to the water supply.

Question 5

Social solution to Power cuts

Answer 5

> 60km power lines
Nuclear generator
Simplicio Hydro electric complex
–> 30% inc. in electrical supply

Question 6

Social solution to Crime

Answer 6

• Police involvements to stop crime
  > 2013, Pacifying Police units established
  –> To reclaim Favellas from drug dealers

Question 7

Economic solutions to Unemployment

Answer 7

• Reducing unemployment
  > Tomorrow program -> Practical based courses
  > Free childcare (teenage parents)
  ~> they can return to education

Question 8

What are the 3 Environmental solutions to challenges

Answer 8

• Reduce traffic congestion + air quality
• Overseas aid to reduce water pollution
• Waste pollution reduced

Question 9

Environmental solutions to challenges - Traffic congestion + air quality

Answer 9

• Reduce traffic congestion + air quality
  > Toll roads -> reduce congestion
  > Coast roads = 1 way during rush hour
  ~> improve traffic flow
  > Expansion of Metro system

Question 10

Environmental solutions to challenge -Overseas aid to reduce water pollution

Answer 10

> 12 new sewage works since 2004 ( cost $68 million)
5km new sewage pipes
ships = fined for discharging fuel into bays

Question 11

Environmental solutions to challenge- waste pollution reduced

Answer 11

> Power plant set up near University of Rio -> uses methane gas from rotting rubbish.
~> 30 tones of rubbish daily
~> electricity for 1000 homes

Question 12

What are the 4 Challenges of Favellas

Answer 12

• construction = poor
• services = poor
• crime = high
• Health quality = high

Question 13

Challenge of Favellas - Construction

Answer 13

• Built illegally e.g. Plastic sheets (basic material)
  ~> Heavy rain on steep slopes cause landslides –> 224 people died (2010)

Question 14

Challenge of Favellas - Services

Answer 14

> 12% = no running water
30% = no electricity
50% = no sewage connections

Question 15

Challenge of Favellas - Crime

Answer 15

• Murder rate = 20/1000
• Drug gangs dominate Favellas

Question 16

Challenge of Favellas - Health quality

Answer 16

• Waste cannot be disposed
  ~> disease spread
  > IMR as high as 50/1000

Question 17

What were the 4 pros of the Favella Bairro Project

Answer 17

• Complexo do Alemao (site and service scheme):
  > Hillside = secured -> prevents landslide
  > Building new health/ education/ leisure facilities
  >100% of mortgages available
  > Access to credit
  ~> people can buy more materials to improve homes

Question 18

What were the 3 cons of the Favella Bairro Project

Answer 18

> Residents lack skill + resources to make repairs
More training needed to inc. literacy + unemployment
Rent inc. ~> Poorer locals are worse off