Urban issues and Challenges - Rio de Janeiro

Question 1

How/ why has Rio de Janeiro grown

Answer 1

• grown in the last 50 years = industrial, administrative, commercial, tourist
• attracts migrants
  > from Argentina + Bolivia
  > skilled workers from USA + UK

Question 2

Effects of Economic growth in Rio de Janeiro

Answer 2

• Rio provides 6% of all employment in Brazil
• Growth of oil related industries on coast

Question 3

Regional importance of Rio de Janeiro

Answer 3

• Banking + finance + insurance industries (employ)
• Natural scenery + tourist jobs

Question 4

National importance of Rio de Janeiro

Answer 4

• Industrial center -> produces 5%of Rio’s GDP
• Culture capital of Brazil
• Many migrated from Amazon Basin

Question 5

What 5 International importance of Rio de Janeiro

Answer 5

• Rio hosted 2014 World cup + 2016 Olympics
• International hub -> 5 ports + 3 Airports
• Statue of Christ the Redeemer (7 wonders of the world)
• Sugar + coffee + iron ore ports
• Rio = UNESCO world heritage site

Question 6

What are the 5 Social challenges in Rio de Janeiro.

Answer 6

• Healthcare inequalities
• Education
• Water supply
• Power blackouts
• Crime

Question 7

Social challenges in Rio de Janeiro - Healthcare

Answer 7

• 2013, 45% of city didn’t have a local family health Clinique
  -} LE = 45 years (West)
  -} LE = 80 years (South)
  -> IMR = 21/1000 (West)
  -> IMR = 6/1000 (South)

Question 8

Social challenges in Rio de Janeiro - Education

Answer 8

• Education = compulsory (ages 6 -14):
  > Many drop out into drug trafficking
  > school enrolment = low
  > Not enough teachers -> pay = low

Question 9

Social challenges in Rio de Janeiro - Water supply

Answer 9

• 37% of water = lost
  ~> Leaky pipes
  ~> Fraud + illegal access

Question 10

Social challenges in Rio de Janeiro - Power supply

Answer 10

Due to shortage of electricity:
–> Many illegally tap into electrical supply (risky + unsafe)

Question 11

Social challenges in Rio de Janeiro - Crime

Answer 11

• Robbery + violent crime
  > Powerful gangs = drug trafficking in Favellas
  > murder + kidnapping + carjacking

Question 12

What are the 2 Economic challenges in Rio de Janeiro.

Answer 12

• Brazil economic recession 2015
• Unemployment (Favellas)

Question 13

Economic challenges in Rio de Janeiro - Brazil economic recession

Answer 13

> inc. unemployment
dec. income quality

Question 14

Economic challenges in Rio de Janeiro - Unemployment

Answer 14

• 20% of people in Favellas = unemployed
  > many work in informal economy (street vendors)
  ~> they don’t pay taxes so government receives little money
  > work = not guaranteed + low pay

Question 15

What are the 6 Environmental challenges in Rio de Janeiro.

Answer 15

• Traffic congestion
• Crime
• Air pollution
• Water pollution
• Waste removal
• Waste collection

Question 16

Environmental challenges in Rio de Janeiro - Traffic

Answer 16

> Rio = most congested city in South America. –> stress + pollution

Question 17

Environmental challenges in Rio de Janeiro - Crime

Answer 17

> Many travel in cars for safety

Question 18

Environmental challenges in Rio de Janeiro - Air pollution

Answer 18

> 5000 deaths annually (due to air pollution)

Question 19

Environmental challenges in Rio de Janeiro - Water pollution

Answer 19

• Guanabara bay pollution
  -> Wildlife + tourism = risk

Question 20

Environmental challenges in Rio de Janeiro - Waste removal

Answer 20

> 200 tones of sewage + 50 tones of industrial waste enter river daily

Question 21

Environmental challenges in Rio de Janeiro - Waste collection

Answer 21

• Lorries cant access Favellas (steep roads + improper roads)
  ~> Rats + cholera