Urban issues and challenges (UK) Flashcards
How is the population of the UK distributed
the population is the south east of the UK is larger than the Northwest
Give an example of a fast growing area in the UK and why it is growing quickly
-London
- faster growing economy with better paid jobs
- better transport and leisure activities
give an example of slow growing area in the UK and why it is not growing
- Sunderland
- de- industrialisation
- lack of investment and lack of infrastructure
what is London’s national importance
- contains 12.5% of the UKs population
- generates 22% of the UK’s total GDP
- 1.1 million people commute to London every day
- almost 10 million jobs were based in London in 2018
What is London’s international importance
- many powerful companies are based in London, such as HSBC
- one of the most popular tourist places in the world, with tourism generating around £20 billion in 2011
-home to the premier league, one of the biggest football leagues in the world - 6 airports, such as Heathrow, one of the busiest cities in the world
- has some of the best universities in the world, such as LSE and UCL
How has international and national migration affected London socially
positives - an influx of young people due to the prospect of job opportunities, this makes London have a younger population to the rest of the UK
negatives- cultural conflicts between groups, locals may reject the gentrification of their local areas, for example, the “Cereal Killer café”
how has international and national migration affected London economically
Positives - London generates 22% of the UK’s GDP
- gentrification within the area, such as the “Cereal Killer café” in Shoreditch
- Londoners earn an average of £34,000 a year while the rest of the UK earns £22,000 on average
- migration has given London a highly trained work force
Negatives - London’s average house price is double it is in other areas of the UK
- London is one of the most expensive cities in the world. For example, an average price paid for the tube is around £4 pound while it is only £ 0.30 in HK
how has international and national migration affected London culturally
positive - 37% of Londoners are born abroad, this leads to London having a enriched culture full of different foods, music, fashion, and landmarks, such as China town.
negatives- there will be tensions due to differing cultures
How has urban growth created opportunities in London socially
- migration has caused an enrichment in London’s culture, with more different food, music and fashion being integrated.
- London has a great array of leisure activities, such as sport events or its night life
How has urban growth created opportunities economically
- London is a major financial centre in the world which attracts many companies and a large workforce
- London has one of the best transport systems in the world. With 50 million people using buses and 25 million people using the underground in 2014
- Crossrail is a new train route that will reduce the time to get from Liverpool street to Heathrow from 1 hour to 35 minutes
how has urban growth created opportunities in London
- there are many local parks in London such as Hyde park, which helps with the environmental quality in London
how has urban growth created challenges (urban deprivation)
- urban deprivation has caused many people to have a poor standard of living due to things being more expensive in London, for example, many people’s rent takes up 50% of their weekly wage
how has urban growth created challenges (urban sprawl)
- London’s population is growing by 100,000 per year yet only 20,000 are built every year. Greenfield sites can be used. However, this will cause pollution
How has urban growth create challenges in London ( social inequalities)
the top tenth of employees in London earn 4x as much as the bottom tenth. There is a huge inequality between wealth
What were some successes/failure of Lower Lea Valley economically
- costed £9.3 billion
- generated £9.9 billion
- created 40,000 jobs
What were some successes/failure of Lower Lea Valley socially
- created 40,000 jobs
- many existing land owners and users were forced to leave the sight by 2007
- new transport links were created which was able to reduce congestion
- 2800 homes created. However, rent increased by 800%
- people have a new 100 hectare park to enjoy
What were some successes/failure of Lower Lea Valley environmentally
- a new 100 hectare park
- promotes biodiversity and brings in new habitats
- 3.4 million tonnes of CO2 was released into the atmosphere from the process
- land which was previously been contaminated has been decontaminated
What is BedZED
an environmentally friendly housing complex
how has Bedzed conserved energy and water
- water has been conserved through the use of smaller bathtubs and low flushing toilets. 18% of water used is recycled rainwater
- the windows are triple glazed meaning that things like energy for heating is reduced by 81% as more heat is trapped
How does BedZED recycle waste
-they use a purification system which turns black water into grey water, which is used for applications such as flushing toilets
How does BedZED create green space
- housing is built on brownfield sights
- each complex has their own rooftop garden and there is a large community play field
How has congestion fees reduced traffic congestion in London
- £15 pounds payment if driving in a congestion zone, this dissuades people from driving in due to the payment
- as a result, journey times have reduced by 15%
- however, electric cars are exempted
How has cycleways reduced traffic congestion in London
- cycling commuters take up less space than cars and therefore reduce congestion
- could be seen as dangrous
