Urban Issues and Challenges: Rio, Bristol and Freiburg Flashcards
What is Urbanisation?
The process by which an increasing percentage of a country’s population comes to live in towns and cities.
What is a Mega City?
It is a city with a population of 10 million or more.
How many mega cities where there in 1975 and in 2016?
4 in 1975 and 29 in 2016
Name 1 push factor and 1 pull factor.
Push: Poor transport infrastructure. No access to good education Low paid jobs Pull: Better paid jobs More leisure and entertainment facilities Better healthcare
Why is the death rate decreasing and the birth rate increasing in developing countries? All of this together leads to a natural increase.
Death rate: Better healthcare and sanitation Less danger from diseases because of vaccines Healthier life styles Birth rate: Lack of contraception Kids used for labour Religious beliefs
Rio de Janeiro: Why is Rio growing?(2 examples)
Reasons:
5 ports and 3 airports
Major exporter of coffee sugar and iron
Highly skilled jobs
Rio de Janeiro: Challenges of Rio?
Challenges: Waste pollution in favelas from bad sewage infrastructure. Lots of robbery and violence Whole city suffers frequent black outs Air pollution causes 5000 deaths a year
Rio de Janeiro: Solutions to challenges in Rio?
Solutions:
Pacifying police units were established to reclaim favelas.
12 new sewage works built
Building new nuclear generator to produce more energy.
Rio de Janeiro: Issues in the Favelas?
Issues:
Houses are poorly constructed, as they are built illegally.
Many home have illegal electricity connections.
High murder rate of 20 per 1000
Rio de Janeiro: What does the Favela Bairro Project involve?
It involves renovating the favelas and improving the quality of life for anyone within it, installing infrastructure paving roads and rebuilding houses to make them safer.
UK & Bristol: In general how is the UK population distributed and list some reasons why?
They are generally located on the East coast, mostly in the South.The reasons are because of terrain, rainfall and temperature.
UK & Bristol: Opportunities in Bristol?
Jobs in low carbon industries ill increase from 9000 to 17000 by 2030.
50 micro-electronic and silicon design businesses have started.
The city is developing an integrated transport system.
UK & Bristol: Challenges in Bristol
Changes in Bristol’s economy and the decrease in manufacturing has results in lots of derelict areas.
Bristol is the most congested city in the UK.
The city of Bristol consumes a lot and produces a lot of waste.
UK & Bristol: What is a Brownfield and Greenfield site?
A Greenfield site are areas that have never been developed on before.
A Brownfield site is an area that has been developed on before.
UK & Bristol: Temple Quarter Regeneration, What is it?
They are rebuilding the brownfield site of the derelict Bristol Temple Quarter.
