urban issues and challenges RIO

Question 1

how does urbanisation vary around the world?

Answer 1

HIC’s more than 60% live in cities

6 countries in Africa have a urban population more than 20%

Question 2

what causes urbanisation?

Answer 2

• migration
  push + pull factors
• natural increase (when birth rate is higher than death rate )

Question 3

what is Rio’s national and international importance ?

Answer 3

national = 
major port 
manufacturing industries
international =
Olympic games 2016 and world cup 2014
tourism

Question 4

why has Rio grown ?

Answer 4

increased economic activity has hugely increased migration therefore increasing the size of the city

Question 5

what are the the health care opportunities in Rio ?

Answer 5

improved access to favelas decrease infant mortality rate and increases life expectancy

Question 6

what are the education opportunities in Rio ?

Answer 6

• school grants are given to help poor families and costs

- opening private university in Rochina

Question 7

what are some of the solutions to water in Rio ?

Answer 7

• seven new treatments built
• 300 km of pipes laid
• by 2015 95% of the population had a mains water supply

Question 8

what has been done to reduce water pollution in Rio ?

Answer 8

• overseas aid
• 12 new sewage works ($68 million )
• ships are fined for illegally discharging fuel into the bay
• 5km of sewage pipes

Question 9

what is done to improve energy in Rio?

Answer 9

• 60km of new power lines

- Developing a new hydroelectric complex which will increase Rios electricity supply by 30% ( 6 years, cost $2bn)

Question 10

what are the challenges of squatter settlements ?

Answer 10

- CONSTRUCTION 
settlements are built illegally with basic materials and on a steep slope and with limited road access 
- CRIME 
murder rate of 20 per 1000 
dominated by gangs
violence / corruption / tension with police
- HEALTH 
infant mortality rate 50 per 1000 
lack of sewage systems and access to clean water which increases chance of disease 
- SERVICES 
12 % no running water 
30 % no electricity 
50 % no sewage connection

Question 11

what are the challenges of clean water ?

Answer 11

• has impacted wildlife, commercial fishing and potentially the tourism industry which will affect the local economy
• rivers being polluted by runoff by open sewers from favelas
• over 200 tonnes of raw sewage pours into the bay every day + 50 tonnes in industrial waste
• oil spills + ships empty their tanks as there are no facilities to dispose fuel

Question 12

what are the challenges with in education ?

Answer 12

• only half continue education past 14
• many drop out and fall into gang related crime
• shortage of money, teachers , training and access

Question 13

what are the challenges with water supply ?

Answer 13

• 12% of Rios population do not have access to running water

- 37% of water lost through leaky pipes and illegal access

Question 14

what problems are caused by energy ?

Answer 14

• frequent black outs
• population increase has also increased demand
• illegal tapping

Question 15

how can life for the urban poor ?

Answer 15

• more formal roads
• improved sanitation
• landslides are being prevented by securing hillsides
• new infrastructure and facilities ( health and education)

Question 16

has the “improvements “ to the favelas been successful ?

Answer 16

• US $1 billion budget but may not cover all favelas
• new infrastructure is not being maintained
• training is needed to improve the education system
• caused rent to rise