changing economic world Flashcards
what is HDI?
Human Development Index
links health, wealth and education
it is a SOCIAL measure and aims to show how much people benefit from a countries economic growth
- life expectancy + years in education + GNI per head
what is GNI?
Gross National Income
used to measure a countries economic development
- total value of goods and services + money earned from and paid to other countries
how can development be measured ?
- HDI
- GNI
- life expectancy
- birth rate
- death rate
- literacy rate
- infant mortality rate
what are the limitations of economic and social measures ?
- average for the whole country
- data could be out of date or biased due to corruption
- may not take informal economies into account
physical causes for uneven development ?
- landlocked countries are unable tpo use the sea for trade which is very important for economic growth
- climate related diseases or pests
- lack f basic supplies such as clean water
economic causes for uneven development ?
- poverty had a very negative multiplier effect ~ low life expectancy / less eligible work force / lack of economic activity
historical causes for uneven development ?
- no economic growth or industry
- colonialism
How does uneven development lead to disparities in health ?
- LIC’s are unable to invest in better health care
- lack of basic sanitation and supplies allows disease to spread quicker
- complications at child birth
What is being done to reduce the development gap ?
- TNC’s invest in LIC’s to increase their profits
- development of infrastructure
- new industries
How has tourism been used to reduce the development gap?
- increased income from abroad
- attraction
- investment can be used to improve education , healthcare and housing
What if Nigeria’s importance in Africa?
- fastest growing economies
- highest GDP in the continent
- population of over 182 million
- 70% of the population employed in agriculture
What is the political context?
- 1960’s Gaines independence
- lack of political stability has lead to corruption although it is improving in recent years
- more FDI
What is the environmental context ?
North =
Decreasing rainfall
Used for cattle grazing
Dessert
South =
high annual rainfall
Crops such as cocoa, oil palm and rubber
How has Nigeria’s source of income changed ?
Used to be agriculture
Now oil
What are the advantages of TBC’s in Nigeria ?
- employment
- local infrastructure
- revenue
- positive multiplier effect
What are the disadvantages of TNC’s moving to Nigeria ?
- poor pay
- poor working conditions
- most of the profit goes abroad
How has shell oil impacted Nigeria?
- employment = 65 000
- 91% of shell contracts to Nigerian companies
- supporting the growth of Nigeria’s energy sector
- frequent oil spills impact the environment and local people
- oil flares spread toxic fumes
- illegal tapping into oil pipes
- tension between local communities
What are the types of aid ?
Emergency aid -
Usually follows a natural disease, war or conflict
Given in the form of food, water , medical supplies and shelter
Development aid -
Long term support given by charities, government or organisations to improve quality of life
This is done by improving infrastructure
How has aid impacted Nigeria ?
Directly helps the people living in poverty meaning no money is wasted and
How has economic growth impacted the environment?
10 000 illegal small scale industries Disposing chemical waste Logging has destroyed 70-80% of Nigeria’s forest through logging Squatter settlements Traffic congestion
How has the UK economy changed ?
The UK has experienced de-industrialisation , decline in manufacturing (secondary) and a growth in the tertiary and quaternary sector
- more technology
- manufacturing is cheaper overseas
How has information technology developed?
- communication
- attracts foreign investment
- More access
