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Geography paper 2 > changing economic world > Flashcards

changing economic world Flashcards

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1
Q

what is HDI?

A

Human Development Index
links health, wealth and education
it is a SOCIAL measure and aims to show how much people benefit from a countries economic growth
- life expectancy + years in education + GNI per head

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2
Q

what is GNI?

A

Gross National Income
used to measure a countries economic development
- total value of goods and services + money earned from and paid to other countries

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3
Q

how can development be measured ?

A
  • HDI
  • GNI
  • life expectancy
  • birth rate
  • death rate
  • literacy rate
  • infant mortality rate
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4
Q

what are the limitations of economic and social measures ?

A
  • average for the whole country
  • data could be out of date or biased due to corruption
  • may not take informal economies into account
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5
Q

physical causes for uneven development ?

A
  • landlocked countries are unable tpo use the sea for trade which is very important for economic growth
  • climate related diseases or pests
  • lack f basic supplies such as clean water
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6
Q

economic causes for uneven development ?

A
  • poverty had a very negative multiplier effect ~ low life expectancy / less eligible work force / lack of economic activity
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7
Q

historical causes for uneven development ?

A
  • no economic growth or industry

- colonialism

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8
Q

How does uneven development lead to disparities in health ?

A
  • LIC’s are unable to invest in better health care
  • lack of basic sanitation and supplies allows disease to spread quicker
  • complications at child birth
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9
Q

What is being done to reduce the development gap ?

A
  • TNC’s invest in LIC’s to increase their profits
  • development of infrastructure
  • new industries
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10
Q

How has tourism been used to reduce the development gap?

A
  • increased income from abroad
  • attraction
  • investment can be used to improve education , healthcare and housing
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11
Q

What if Nigeria’s importance in Africa?

A
  • fastest growing economies
  • highest GDP in the continent
  • population of over 182 million
  • 70% of the population employed in agriculture
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12
Q

What is the political context?

A
  • 1960’s Gaines independence
  • lack of political stability has lead to corruption although it is improving in recent years
  • more FDI
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13
Q

What is the environmental context ?

A

North =
Decreasing rainfall
Used for cattle grazing
Dessert

South =
high annual rainfall
Crops such as cocoa, oil palm and rubber

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14
Q

How has Nigeria’s source of income changed ?

A

Used to be agriculture

Now oil

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15
Q

What are the advantages of TBC’s in Nigeria ?

A
  • employment
  • local infrastructure
  • revenue
  • positive multiplier effect
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16
Q

What are the disadvantages of TNC’s moving to Nigeria ?

A
  • poor pay
  • poor working conditions
  • most of the profit goes abroad
17
Q

How has shell oil impacted Nigeria?

A
  • employment = 65 000
  • 91% of shell contracts to Nigerian companies
  • supporting the growth of Nigeria’s energy sector
  • frequent oil spills impact the environment and local people
  • oil flares spread toxic fumes
  • illegal tapping into oil pipes
  • tension between local communities
18
Q

What are the types of aid ?

A

Emergency aid -
Usually follows a natural disease, war or conflict
Given in the form of food, water , medical supplies and shelter

Development aid -
Long term support given by charities, government or organisations to improve quality of life
This is done by improving infrastructure

19
Q

How has aid impacted Nigeria ?

A

Directly helps the people living in poverty meaning no money is wasted and

20
Q

How has economic growth impacted the environment?

A 
10 000 illegal small scale industries 
Disposing chemical waste 
Logging has destroyed 70-80% of Nigeria’s forest through logging
Squatter settlements 
Traffic congestion
21
Q

How has the UK economy changed ?

A

The UK has experienced de-industrialisation , decline in manufacturing (secondary) and a growth in the tertiary and quaternary sector

  • more technology
  • manufacturing is cheaper overseas
22
Q

How has information technology developed?

A
  • communication
  • attracts foreign investment
  • More access

Geography paper 2 (3 decks)

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