urban issues and challenges PMT

Question 1

brownfield land

Answer 1

land that has been previously build on but is now derelict/demolished

Question 2

dereliction

Answer 2

when buildings are left unused and unoccupied

Question 3

ethnic minorities

Answer 3

groups of people that make up a small proportion of the total population

Question 4

greenfield land

Answer 4

land that hasn’t been built on before, often used for farming or left naturally

Question 5

hate crime

Answer 5

crimes and vandalism that are motivated by a person’s ethnicity or religion

Question 6

informal work

Answer 6

self-employed or temporary work, which provides a small wage and limited health regulations

Question 7

integrated transport

Answer 7

a system that links different types of transportation to give commuters (daily travellers e.g. to work) access to the whole city

Question 8

international migration

Answer 8

the movement of people between countries, for work or long term residence

Question 9

low income country

Answer 9

a country of low wealth and limited level of development

Question 10

megacity

Answer 10

a city with a population greater than 10 million

Question 11

middle income country

Answer 11

a country of sufficient and a good level of development

Question 12

multicultural city

Answer 12

a city that shares and encourages many different cultures and religions, besides the national culture

Question 13

net migration

Answer 13

the total number of people entering minus the total number of people leaving a country

Question 14

population density

Answer 14

the amount of people per square area of land which is a measure of how squashed together or spread out a population is

Question 15

pull factors

Answer 15

reasons why a person may feel attracted towards living in the city

Question 16

push factors

Answer 16

reasons why a person may feel they need to move away from a rural area

Question 17

quality of life

Answer 17

the standard of living of a person or a community

Question 17

regeneration

Answer 17

a city tries to change its appearance or reputation through new building constructions

Question 18

remittance

Answer 18

when an individual who is living in a different country sends money back to their family to help support them financially

Question 19

respiratory conditions

Answer 19

illnesses that affect your breathing, for example asthma or lung disease

Question 20

rural-urban migration

Answer 20

individuals move their homes from a rural area to an urban city, for work opportunities or a better quality of life

Question 21

scholarships

Answer 21

paid places in schools or businesses for people from low income families

Question 22

segregation

Answer 22

the exclusion and isolation of a particular group of people

Question 23

skilled migrants

Answer 23

migrants who have trained for a particular profession, for example doctors or teachers

Question 24

social inequality

Answer 24

the difference in quality of life between the highest income family and lowest income household

Question 25

sustainability

Answer 25

a city which has minimal environmental damage and social inequality, whilst conserving resources for the future

Question 26

squatter settlements

Answer 26

clusters of temporary housing which migrants or low income families live in

Question 27

unskilled migrants

Answer 27

migrants who haven’t been trained or educated for a high-skill profession, for example farmers of shop workers

Question 28

urban greening

Answer 28

growing more vegetation and trees in the centre of the city, for example growing plants on office rooftops or mini allotments on pavements

Question 29

urban sprawl

Answer 29

the process of a city growing and spreading out, taking over surrounding greenfield land