urban issues and challenges PMT Flashcards
brownfield land
land that has been previously build on but is now derelict/demolished
dereliction
when buildings are left unused and unoccupied
ethnic minorities
groups of people that make up a small proportion of the total population
greenfield land
land that hasn’t been built on before, often used for farming or left naturally
hate crime
crimes and vandalism that are motivated by a person’s ethnicity or religion
informal work
self-employed or temporary work, which provides a small wage and limited health regulations
integrated transport
a system that links different types of transportation to give commuters (daily travellers e.g. to work) access to the whole city
international migration
the movement of people between countries, for work or long term residence
low income country
a country of low wealth and limited level of development
megacity
a city with a population greater than 10 million
middle income country
a country of sufficient and a good level of development
multicultural city
a city that shares and encourages many different cultures and religions, besides the national culture
net migration
the total number of people entering minus the total number of people leaving a country
population density
the amount of people per square area of land which is a measure of how squashed together or spread out a population is
pull factors
reasons why a person may feel attracted towards living in the city
push factors
reasons why a person may feel they need to move away from a rural area
quality of life
the standard of living of a person or a community
regeneration
a city tries to change its appearance or reputation through new building constructions
remittance
when an individual who is living in a different country sends money back to their family to help support them financially
respiratory conditions
illnesses that affect your breathing, for example asthma or lung disease
rural-urban migration
individuals move their homes from a rural area to an urban city, for work opportunities or a better quality of life
scholarships
paid places in schools or businesses for people from low income families
segregation
the exclusion and isolation of a particular group of people
skilled migrants
migrants who have trained for a particular profession, for example doctors or teachers
social inequality
the difference in quality of life between the highest income family and lowest income household
sustainability
a city which has minimal environmental damage and social inequality, whilst conserving resources for the future
squatter settlements
clusters of temporary housing which migrants or low income families live in
unskilled migrants
migrants who haven’t been trained or educated for a high-skill profession, for example farmers of shop workers
urban greening
growing more vegetation and trees in the centre of the city, for example growing plants on office rooftops or mini allotments on pavements
urban sprawl
the process of a city growing and spreading out, taking over surrounding greenfield land
