Urban issues and challenges key words Flashcards
What is urbanisation?
The process by which an increasing percentage of a population lives in cities and suburbs.
True or False: A megacity is defined as a city with a population of over 10 million.
True
Fill in the blank: The term ‘urban sprawl’ refers to the __________ of urban areas into rural areas.
expansion
What is a push factor in urban migration?
A negative aspect of a rural area that drives people to move to urban areas.
What is a pull factor in urban migration?
A positive aspect of urban areas that attracts people to move there.
Define the term ‘slum’.
A heavily populated urban area characterised by substandard housing and squalor. These are illegal settlements found on the edges of cities.
What does the term ‘sustainable urban development’ mean?
Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of urban areas? a) High population density b) Diverse economic activities c) Agricultural land
c) Agricultural land
What is gentrification?
The process of renovating and improving a house or district so that it conforms to middle-class taste.
True or False: Urban heat islands are areas in cities that are significantly warmer than their rural surroundings.
True
What is the purpose of urban planning?
To design and regulate the use of land and resources in urban areas to improve quality of life.
Define ‘urban decay’.
The process by which a previously functioning city or part of a city falls into disrepair and neglect.
Fill in the blank: ‘Brownfield sites’ are __________ that may be contaminated but have potential for redevelopment.
previously developed lands
What is public transport?
A system of transport for passengers by group travel systems available for use by the general public.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a common challenge faced by urban areas? a) High employment rates b) Traffic congestion c) Abundant green spaces
b) Traffic congestion
What does ‘urban regeneration’ refer to?
The redevelopment of areas within a large urban area, often involving the renovation of buildings and infrastructure.
True or False: The term ‘informal settlement’ refers to areas where housing is constructed without legal rights or permits.
True
What is the significance of ‘green spaces’ in urban areas?
They provide recreational areas, improve air quality, and enhance biodiversity.
Define ‘smart city’.
An urban area that uses digital technology to enhance performance, well-being, and reduce costs & resource consumption.
Fill in the blank: ‘Infrastructure’ includes the basic physical and organisational structures and facilities needed for the __________ of a society.
operation
Multiple choice: Which of the following is an example of urban sustainability? a) Increasing car usage b) Promoting public transport c) Expanding highways
b) Promoting public transport
What does ‘land use planning’ involve?
The process of managing how land is used in urban areas to balance development and conservation.
True or False: Urban issues only pertain to developed countries.
False
What is ‘social inequality’ in urban contexts?
The unequal distribution of resources and opportunities among different social groups in urban areas.
What is the definition of social deprivation?
Social deprivation refers to the state in which an individual or community lacks the economic and social resources to provide for basic needs.
True or False: Social deprivation only affects individuals and not communities.
False
Fill in the blank: Social deprivation is often measured by factors such as income, education, and _______.
employment
Which of the following is a consequence of social deprivation? A) Improved health outcomes B) Increased crime rates C) Higher education levels
B) Increased crime rates
What are two common indicators of social deprivation in the UK?
Poverty levels and access to education
