Urban Issues and Challenges Glossary

Question 1

Brownfield land

Answer 1

Land that has been previously built on. The buildings may still be standing or demolished

Question 2

Dereliction

Answer 2

Where buildings are left unused or unoccupied

Question 3

Ethnic Minorities

Answer 3

Groups of people that make up a small proportion of the total population

Question 4

Greenfield land

Answer 4

Land that hasn’t been built on before, often used for farming or left naturally

Question 5

Hate crime

Answer 5

Crimes and vandalism thar are motivated by a person’s ethnicity or religion

Question 6

Informal work

Answer 6

Self-employed or temporary work, which provides a small wage and limited health regulations

Question 7

Integrated transport

Answer 7

A system that links different types of transportation to give commuters access to the whole city

Question 8

International migration

Answer 8

The movement of people between countries, for work or long term residence

Question 9

Lower income country (LIC)

Answer 9

A country of low wealth and a limited level of development

Question 10

Megacity

Answer 10

A city with a population greater than 10 million people

Question 11

Middle income country (MIC)

Answer 11

A country of sufficient wealth and a good level of development

Question 12

Multicultural city

Answer 12

A city that shares and encourages many different cultures and religions, besides the national culture

Question 13

Net migration

Answer 13

The total number of people entering minus the number of people leaving a country

Question 14

Population density

Answer 14

The amount of people per square area of land. It’s a measure of how squashed together or spread out a population is.

Question 15

Pull factors

Answer 15

Reasons why a person may feel attracted towards living in the city

Question 16

Push factors

Answer 16

Reasons why a person may feel they need to move away from a rural area

Question 17

Quality of life

Answer 17

The environment and community a person is part of, as well as their health and access to essentials

Question 18

Regeneration

Answer 18

A city tries to change its appearance or reputation through new building constructions

Question 19

Remittance

Answer 19

A family member living in a different country can send back money to their country of origin to support their family substantially

Question 20

Respiratory conditions

Answer 20

Illnesses that affect your breathing, for example asthma or lung disease

Question 21

Rural-urban migration

Answer 21

Individuals move their homes from a rural area to the urban city, for work opportunities or a better quality of life

Question 22

Scholarships

Answer 22

Paid places in schools or businesses for people from low income families

Question 23

Segregation

Answer 23

The exclusion and isolation of a particular group of people

Question 24

Skilled migrants

Answer 24

Migrants who have trained for a particular profession, for example doctors or teachers

Question 25

Social inequality

Answer 25

The difference in quality of life between the highest income family and the lowest income household

Question 26

Sustainability

Answer 26

A city which has minimal environmental damage and social inequality, whilst conserving resources for the future

Question 27

Squatter settlements

Answer 27

Clusters of temporary housing which migrants or low income families live in, often on unfavourable land

Question 28

Unskilled migrants

Answer 28

Migrants who haven’t been trained or educated for a high-skill profession, for example farmers or shop workers

Question 29

Urban greening

Answer 29

Growing more vegetation and trees in the centre of a city. For example, growing plants on office rooftops or mini allotments on pavements

Question 30

Urban sprawl

Answer 30

The process of a city growing and spreading out, taking over surrounding greenfield land