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Geography > Urban Issues and Challenges - Case Study: Lagos > Flashcards

Urban Issues and Challenges - Case Study: Lagos Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is Lagos/Nigeria located?

A
  • Nigeria is on the central west coast of Africa
  • Nigeria is surrounded by Benin, Niger, Chad and Cameroon
  • Lagos is a city on the south west coast of Nigeria by the Gulf of Guinea sea.
  • Abuja is the capital of Nigeria
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2
Q

Why is Lagos important regionally?

A
  • Lagos is a cultural hub - there are many opportunities in the fashion, music + art industries
  • Lagos has many service facilities like schools, hospitals, leisure centres, universities
  • Lagos has excellent transport facilities - it has a large port and international airport
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3
Q

Why is Lagos important nationally?

A
  • 80% of imports and 70% of exports go through the docks so Lagos is really important in terms of trade
  • Most of the industry - 80% is in Lagos, this is important as much of the wealth for Nigeria will be generated here - 30%
  • The film industry ‘Nollywood’ is based in Lagos so a lot of wealth + jobs are created here
  • A lot of TNC headquarters are in Lagos, this creates well paid jobs
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4
Q

Why is Lagos important internationally?

A
  • Lagos hosts lots of international sporting events e.g. Olympic basketball qualifiers - this is important as it brings people from around the world to Lagos
  • Lagos hosts trade fairs which attract businesses + wealth from around the world
  • Lagos is the major centre of ICT in west Africa so there is much innovation + creativity happening there so they are generating expertise
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5
Q

What are the 7 social opportunities from Lagos?

A
  1. Education
  2. Better hospitals
  3. Access to clean water
  4. Better access to energy
  5. Opportunities in music, fashion + art
  6. More access to mobile technology
  7. Better transport

(only need top 3)

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6
Q

What are the education opportunities in Lagos?
+ a fact

A

Better schools + Universities in Lagos

Facts:
- University of Lagos (UniLag) produces 10,000 graduates a year
- Government provides free edu. for under 10s
- 68% children in Lagos have a secondary school edu. - higher in urban areas

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7
Q

What are the health opportunities in Lagos?
+ a fact

A

Better hospitals - so if you get ill, you are more likely to be able to access treatment

Fact:
There are major hospitals like the Lagos cardiac hospital

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8
Q

What are the water opportunities in Lagos?
+ a fact

A

Access to clean water (most of the population) - either piped to their homes from a bone pipe or from a water vender

Fact:
- Water master plan aims to meet rising water demand
- However 60% still don’t have access to clean water

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9
Q

What are the 4 economic opportunities from Lagos?

A
  1. Construction industry
  2. Better well paid jobs
  3. Most jobs in tertiary industry
  4. Trade
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10
Q

What are the construction industry opportunities in Lagos?
+ a fact

A

The construction industry is growing

Fact:
Lagos construction industry is worth US $69 billion annually - averaged 10% annual growth

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11
Q

What are the better well paid job opportunities in Lagos?
+ a fact

A

Better well paid jobs in TNC headquarters

Fact:
Lots of big TNCs have their headquarters in Lagos

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12
Q

What are the tertiary industry opportunities in Lagos?
+ a fact

A

Most jobs in tertiary industry - tend to be better paid

Fact:
78% of jobs in Lagos are in the tertiary industry - the rest of Nigeria only 55% of jobs in the tertiary industry

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13
Q

How does the growth of industry improve the economy?

A
  • Infrastructure improves = need good roads, electricity + water for industry to grow = improves Q of L for residents + new industries move there = lots of jobs = workers get new skills
  • lots of industries = creates international trade, opportunities + lots of jobs = people have more money = spend more money on goods + services = new businesses open and grow international trade creates international opportunities
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14
Q

What is the problem of slums in Lagos? (How many ppl live there and why?)

A
  • 60% of people in Lagos live in slums
  • One of the main reasons for this is because the population is growing so fast (3.5%/year) so the government can’t build enough houses
  • The people who migrate to Lagos are ofter quite poor, so can’t afford housing
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15
Q

Where are squatter settlements found in Lagos?
and an example of one

A
  • They are often found on land that people don’t want to build on
  • Either because the land is unstable + marshy or because it floods (it is by the lagoon)

e.g. Makoko slum

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16
Q

What is life like in the Lagos slums?

A
  • lots of overcrowding: this is a problem as diseases spread easily - 75% of people’s whole household lives in 1 room
  • poor water supply: only 11% of people have piped water so water will be more expensive and diseases can spread quicker
  • little to no household facilities: only 10% of people have a kitchen, bath and a toilet so disease will spread quicker + less employment opportunities if no bath
17
Q

What are the challenges of water in Lagos?

A
  • Only 10% of the population in Lagos have clean piped water
  • The remaining 90% rely on water vendors or dig wells or boreholes to reach the groundwater
  • water vendors are more expensive than piped water
  • it takes time to go and get water
  • water sitting around can have diseases in them
18
Q

What are the challenges of sanitation in Lagos? (+some facts)

A
  • There are many open sewers which causes diseases to easily spread
  • girls also miss out on some education because they don’t have access to sanitary products so they can’t go to school
  • Lagos produces 9,000 tons of waste a day
  • less than 1% of households in Lagos are linked to any closed sewage systems
19
Q

What are the challenges of energy in Lagos?

A
  • Not only for poor people but also for rich people electricity isn’t very reliable
  • there is poor energy infrastructure
  • some people living in Lagos have to spend 70% of their budget on diesel for generators
20
Q

What are the challenges of health in Lagos?

A
  • Healthcare and vaccinations available but not always free
  • investment in healthcare in Lagos is not really keeping up with populations growth
  • the poorest people living in slums have the least/worst amount of healthcare
21
Q

What are the challenges of education in Lagos?

A
  • There is only free education up to the age of 9
  • but not all parents can afford to send their children to school because they need their children to work
  • a lot of the buildings are dilapidated, there is also truanting, unmotivated teachers and gangsterism
  • only 10% of teachers are computer literate
22
Q

What are the challenges of employment in Lagos?

A
  • Many Nigerians are well educated but even they struggle to find good/high paying jobs
  • a lot of Nigerians cannot afford to be unemployed - it’s just that there’s not enough jobs for the increasing population
  • so over 2/3 of jobs are in the informal sector
23
Q

What are the challenges of crime in Lagos?

A
  • Crime rates are really high in Lagos
  • Some crimes include kidnapping, drug dealing, theft and bribery
24
Q

What are the challenges of traffic congestion in Lagos?

A
  • Traffic is really bad in Lagos
  • Lagos residents spent an average of 30 hours a week in traffic
  • this means that people/children lose hours of sleep because they have to get up early to beat the traffic
  • air pollution will also be bad in Lagos so their health would be worse
25
Q

What are the challenges of waste disposal in Lagos?

A
  • Only 40% of waste is collected so piles and piles of waste is on the street
  • this means disease spreads, the environment is quite horrible and it smells really bad
26
Q

What are the challenges of air pollution in Lagos?

A
  • Air pollution is really bad in Lagos
  • there is air and water pollution from cars, generators, electronics and waste
27
Q

What is urban planning?

A

It is the process of developing + designing urban areas to meet the needs of a community

28
Q

How has the Rapid bus system improved life for Lagos?

A
  • there are separate lanes for buses
  • 220,000 passengers use it daily so less car usage
  • reduces time in traffic by 30% so days are shorter so more time at work/school
  • less cars on the road so 13% less air pollution and noise pollution
  • better health
  • improved Q of L
  • create 2,000 more jobs driving buses so reduces unemployment
29
Q

How has the floating school improved life for Lagos?

A
  • provides more school spaces for the growing population, 1 - 60 children
  • the school rises with the sea so no need to rebuild for rising sea levels
  • it collects rain water so quick access to fresh water
  • solar panels create electricity = good for bad power supply usually in Lagos
  • for growing population in need of jobs = a teacher long term and the construction short time

Geography (7 decks)

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