URBAN issues and challenges AQA GCSE key terms Flashcards
Brownfield site
Land that has been used before, often abandoned and now awaits redevelopment (new use). Often in inner city.
Dereliction
Abandoned buildings and wasteland e.g Olympic Village before regeneration.
Economic opportunities
Chances for people to improve their standard of living through employment (jobs).
Greenfield site
A plot of land, often in a rural area or edge of a town that has not had any building development.
Inequalities
Differences between poverty and wealth, as well as in peoples’ wellbeing and access to things like jobs, housing and education. Inequalities may occur in housing provision, access to services, access to open land, safety and security.
Integrated transport systems
When different transport methods connect together, making journeys smoother and therefore public transport more appealing. Better integration should result in more demand for public transport and should see people switching from private car use to public modes of transport, which should be more sustainable. It may also lead to a fall in congestion due to less road users.
Mega-cities
An urban area with a total population in excess of ten million people e.g Lagos, Nigeria
Migration
When people move from one area to another. In many LICS people move from rural to urban areas (rural-urban migration).
Natural increase
The birth rate minus the death rate of a population.
Pollution
Chemicals, noise, dirt or other substances which have harmful or poisonous effects on an environment.
Rural-urban fringe
A zone between the built-up area and the countryside, where there is often competition for land use. It is a zone of mixed land uses, from out of town shopping centres and golf courses to farmland and motorways.
Sanitation
Providing treated and clean water and disposal of sewage and waste to people. This reduces disease and improves quality of life.
Social deprivation
The degree to which people are deprived of services, decent housing, adequate income and local employment.
Social opportunities
Chances for people to improve their quality of life, for instance access to education, recreation and health care.
Squatter settlement
An area of poor-quality housing, lacking in amenities such as water supply, sewerage and electricity, which often develops spontaneously and illegally in a city in an LIC e.g Makoko, Lagos.
