Urban issues and challenges Flashcards
Urbanisation?
growth in the proportion of people living in urban areas.
push factors, list 3.
- Natural disasters.
- Mechanised equipment needs fewer workers, less jobs.
- Desertification makes land unproductive, unstable income for farmers.
pull factors, list 3.
- More jobs, better paid.
- Better healthcare and education.
- Better quality of life.
Sanitation challenges in Rio?
- lots don’t have access to toilet flushes, using pit latrines instead. Sewage goes into soil/drains/rivers.
- hard to incorporate sanitation when squatter settlements are so densely constructed.
5 new developments in longbridge?
- tech park.
- £70 million new town centre.
- new hotels and leisure developments.
- £66 million learning facility.
- regenerated the derelict rover car plant
7 ways to reduce pollution and traffic?
- Boris bikes.
- congestion charge.
- ring roads.
- parking permits.
- cycle lanes.
- pedestrianised streets.
- park and ride schemes.
what is a Boris bike?
hire a bike, drop off another place when finished.
what is a congestion charge?
daily charge if drive in certain zone at certain times.
what is ring roads?
a road or series of connected roads encircling a place, offering alternate routes.
what is parking permit?
need permit to park in the place, avoids traffic.
what is cycle lanes?
lanes for cyclists only, promotes lesser use of cars.
what is pedestrianised streets?
making a street pedestrian only, reducing amount of cars.
what is park and ride scheme?
park in a place, catch bus/rail system to centre then back again.
8 issues caused by traffic problems?
- pollution.
- late to work.
- anger.
- delays to emergency services..
- health issues.
- lack of parking spaces.
- noise.
- road kill.
primary industry
secondary industry
tertiary
Quaternary
primary - gathering raw materials from earth.
secondary - making, building or processing raw materials into products, usually in factories.
tertiary - providing a service.
Quaternary - high tech research to develop new things
+ and - of TNC
+ jobs, pay tax which can be used by government to help the people, import of new tech.
- exploit child labour in their factories, accused of human rights abuse, employees work for long hours.
+ and - of shell in Nigeria
+ employ 600 people, used 3 billion to capture gas and and stop flaring, offer 3000 scholarships per year, electricity and clean water.
- oil spills damage environment and wild life, fishing industries affected, oil theft costs government billions.
impact of tourism on Tunisia?
7.4% of GDP comes from tourism, 400,000 jobs from tourism.
impact on Tunisias development gap?
literacy rates 66% to 79% since 1995, more people having children that go to uni, more women going to school, since 1960 life expectancy has risen from 42 to 75.
problems that rapid growth has caused Lagos?
- 66% live in slums not enough houses for population.
- only 40% of city is connected to water supply.
- not enough healthcare facilities, many can’t afford.
- 60% work informal jobs.
- population 4000 tonnes of rubbish daily, 40% is collected.
physical factors of uneven development
climate, relief (shape of land), natural hazards.
3 ways to reduce regional differences?
- identify areas that need special help, provide money for new businesses.
- improve transport like linking cities in the north like M62 improvements.
- Giving more power to individual cities so can invest money on what they want
what is HS2
- high speed train running from Birmingham to London.
- take pressure off existing railways.
- reduce journey times.
- jobs.
