Urban issues and challenges Flashcards
The global pattern of urban change
Urbanisation first occured in HICs during industrial revolution. Now the RATE of urbanisation is higher in LICs than HICs.
Most megacities are found in South and South East Asia
areas with highest % of urbanisation
(areas which are the most urbanised)
North America, Europe, Middle East
areas with low levels of urbanisation
Africa and south asia
Location of Mumbai
West coast of the Maharashtra state in Western India, located on a narrow peninsula with a population of around 20 million people. India’s largest city and the fourth largest city in the world
regional importance of mumbai
3 million people commute from other areas to work in Mumbai. Counts for 40% of the State’s income. Capital city of the state, major banking centre, offering financial services, provides social and economic opportunities as well as better health and education services. population is constantly rising
national importance of mumbai
One of India’s dominant urban centres, India’s commercial and financial capital, India’s largest film/bollywood industry, Major transport hub with links to other cities, 70% of India’s maritime trade, GNI per capita is higher than national average, 4% of foreign trade, contributes $310 billion USD to its economy, $10 billion USD in corporate taxes
International Importance of Mumbai
One of the richest cities in Asia, top 10 centres of commerce, world’s 20th largest city by GDP, has historical links with the Untied Kingdom, fourth largest city in the world, has a major aurport and shipping routes, receives the largest amount of foreign investment in India Mumbai has the largest number of international companies in Asia
causes of urban growth in Mumbai
natural increase, and migration
cause of natural increase
birth rate is higher than death rate, better access to education and health sevices, clean water supply reducing risk of getting disease from unclean water
social opportunites of Mumbai
Good access to health and education services, wide range of medical services: dentists, hosptials etc. 1000+ primary and secondary schools, major centre of learning, world renowned university, access to clean water and energy and electricity. quality of life improved
economic opportunities in mumbai
offers a huge range of job opportunities as Mumbai has a port, counts for 6% of India’s GDP and a manufacturing hub, headquarters of many financial institutions such as bombay stock exchange . South Mumbai is the nerve centre of indian economy, bollywood, also a stimulus for economic development
name environmental challenges
waste, air and water pollution, traffic congestion
Waste
Mumbai producess over 7500 metric tonnes of waste everyday. there is no comprehensive city based system of collecting waste and poses a hazard to human health. The dharavi slum has a recycling zone where 80% of waste is recycled there, but Mumbai still faces huge waste problems
Air pollution
very dirty air, dangerous levels of nitrous oxides and small dust particles called particulate matter can cause asthma and can be a hazard to human health
water pollution
77% of households suffer from poor water quality, leading to waterborne diseases like typhoid. toxic chemicals can contaminate the water
