urban issues and challenges Flashcards
define HIC and give an example
higher income countries e.g. uk
define NEE and give an example
newly emerging economy e.g. china
define LIC and give an example
lower income countries e.g. Nigeria
define urban population
the population (number of people) living in urban areas
define urbanisation
the increase in the % of a country’s population living in urban areas
what are the uk top 11 cities
Glasgow, Edinburgh, Leeds, Liverpool, Bradford, Manchester, Sheffield, Birmingham, Coventry, Bristol, London
what is happening to the rural and urban population
the overall trend is that rural numbers are decreasing, but urban numbers are rapidly increasing
define migration
the movement of people
define natural increase
having a higher birth rate then death rate
define mega city
a city with a population more than 10 million
can you give an example of a mega city
- NYC
- Los Angeles
- Tokyo
- Moscow
- Rio De Janeiro
list the push factors which would cause rural - urban migration
- poverty
- basic education
- few doctors or hospitals
- natural disasters
- poor harvests leading to famine
- war
list the pull factors which would cause rural - urban migration
- better paying jobs
- higher standard of living
- family and friends live there
- range of entertainment
- better quality of life
what are push factors
something that makes someone want to leave their area (negative)
what are pull factors
something that makes someone want to move (positive)
what is the current rate of urbanisation in HIC’s and why?
The rate of urbanisation in HIC’s is low because the country has already been through an industrialisation, but also the population is steadying out and isn’t dramatically increasing or decreasing
what is the current rate of urbanisation in LIC’s and why?
The rate in LIC’s is high because they are still developing and waiting for an industrialisation so people are moving to the cities, as well as people are having more children and so the birth rate is overtaking the death rate (natural increase)
true or false?
Lagos is a small city in Nigeria
false
lagos is a mega city
describe the location of Nigeria
- found in the continent of Africa
- found in-between the tropics of cancer and the tropics of Capricorn
- the countries that border it are Chad, Niger, Cameroon, Benin
what is the regional importance of Lagos
- home to 10% of Nigerias population
- transport hub
- thriving arts/culture scene
- provides hospitals, schools, uni’s
- provides employment, leisure
what is the national importance of Lagos
- trade and commerce
- 80% of Nigerias industry is based in lagos
- 80% of Nigerias imports and 70% of its exports
- Nigerias media centre/ film industry
- TNCs headquarters
- financial centre
what is the international importance of Lagos
- financial centre of west Africa
- 80% of flights into west Africa go into lagos
- highest standard of living in Nigeria and Africa
- venue for major sporting events
- ICT centre of west Africa
define economic opportunities
chances for people to improve their standard of living through employment
why has the costal location of Lagos been key in its development as a mega city
it allows businesses to import and export good allowing them to grow and expand their companies.
why is the lagos lagoon a big attraction?
it is a sheltered harbour for the ships making it safe and very accessible for trade to take place.
what is the multiplayer effect?
that if one business/ company does well other companies will want to come and share their success having the economy of Lagos
young population ~ large workforce ~ better education ~ skilled workers
define social opportunities
chances for people to improve their quality of life, for instance access to education and health care
define informal economy
- a job that does not have a contract
- doesn’t guarantee work
- don’t pay tax
true or false ?
there is an international airport in Lagos
true
its one of the things that attracts so may people
there are many challenges in Makoko, talk about the fact the majority of to is water based
limiting access and only boats can be used
there are many challenges in makoko, talk about squatter settlements
- informal
- illegal
- pay for watch out gangs
there are many challenges in makoko, talk about lack of sanitation
- due to lack of sanitation water born diseases come about such as cholera
- this causes people to stop working
- which then causes a lack of income
- lowering life expectancy
there are many challenges in makoko, talk about no government funding
- no schools
- no hospitals
- illegal housing
- no clean water
- bad facilities
what are the main environmental challenges in Lagos
traffic congestion, waste disposal and water supply
what are the people of Lagos doing to help the traffic congestion
- they are building a new light railway scheme
- first stage opened in 2016
- runs into the CBD
- carries 7 times as may passengers as the previous time
- part of a wider strategic transport plan for lagos
what are the people of Lagos doing to help the waste disposal
- each day residents sort 3,000 tonnes of waste by hand
- natural gases such as methane can be harnessed for energy
- more recycling points
- management authority is planned to produce 25MW of electricity
what are the people of Lagos doing to help the water supply
- began to be regulated in 2012
-regulate water supply - give licenses for bare holes
- making sure all water is clean
what are the aims for the Lagos metropolitan development and governance project (LMDGP)
to increase sustainable access to basic urban services through investments in critical infrastructure in 9 of the worst slums in Lagos, including Makoko
