Urban Issues and Challenges Flashcards
How many people make a megacity?
10 million
Where are the rates of urbanisation the highest?
In LICs. In HICs urbanisation has slowed down as the majority of the population already live in cities.
Why are NEEs exceptions to rapid urbanisation?
The urbanisation happened earlier and has slowed down even though they are not yet rich HICs.
What is urbanisation?
The process of rural-urban migration.
What is population growth?
The difference between birth and death rate.
What factors affect the growth of megacities?
- Rural-urban migration
- Location - ports on rivers/coasts are good for trade
- Economic development - cities that trade attract businesses and grow economically which attract people
- Natural increase - young population increases this rate and cities have better healthcare so death rate is lower
Describe Lagos.
Lagos is Africa’s largest city and one of the fastest growing in the world. It lies in the southwest of the country on the coast of the Gulf of Guinea, close to the border with Benin. It is the country’s centre of trade and commerce and roughly 80% of Nigerias industry is based there.
Why is Lagos so good for trade?
It has a major international airport and a busy seaport.
What are examples of push factors?
Lack of job opportunities
Low wages
Poor education and health services
What are examples of pull factors?
Well-paid work
Perceived standard of living
Job opportunities
Stronger education and healthcare services
What are the benefits of moving to Lagos?
- Employment: there is more work including in the informal sector
- Education: there are more schools and universities and this can lead ton jobs
- Health care: although you have to pay it is available
How has Lagos’ growth created more inequality?
There are a few wealthy neighbourhoods whilst over 60% of Lagos’ population live in squatter settlements and most of the people live on less than $1.25 a day.
What have the government put in place to manage the increasing population in Lagos?
- Transport: Rapid Transit Network in the city
- Electricity: Two new power stations to light the streets at night and provide more electricity
- Criminal activity: In order to deal with high levels of crime, three helicopters are used for police to spot criminal activity.
What contributions does Lagos make to the Nigerian economy?
- 30% of its GDP
- 10% of the country’s population live there
- Most if the country’s manufacturing industry is based in Lagos
What are the advantages and disadvantages of working in the informal sector?
The informal economy is work done without the official knowledge of the government.
Jobs are typically labour intensive with low wages and workers do t pay taxes so have no protection and the work might fluctuate. It is easier for people to earn enough money to survive.
