urban issues and challenges Flashcards
what is urbanisation?
an increase in the amount of people living in urban areas such as towns and cities
what is sustainable urban living?
being able to live in cities in ways that do not pollute the environment and using resources in ways that ensure future generations can also use them
where is urbanisation happening?
all over the world but the lics and nees rates are much faster than the hics
why is urbanisation happening mostly in the lics and nees?
because of its rapid economic growth, they are experiencing
name four push factors
natural disasters, war and conflict, droughts and lack of employment
name four pull factors
more jobs, better education and health care and increase quality of life
define a megacity
an urban area with over 10 million people living there
where are megacities mostly located?
more than two-thirds of current megacities are located and ever nees or lics
what is water conservation about?
reducing the amount of water used
what is energy conservation about?
using fewer fossil fuels can reduce the rate of climate change
name three ways of water conservation
collecting rainwater for gardens and flushing toilets,
installing water metres and toilets that flush less water, and educating people on using less water
name three ways to conserve energy
promoting renewable energy sources, making homes more energy-efficient, and encouraging people to use energy
name four ways to live sustainably
water conservation, energy conservation, creating green space and Waste Recycling
name some positives of creating green spaces
encourages people’s exercise and reduces the risk of flooding from surface runoff
give an environmental problem of traffic management
traffic increases pollution which releases greenhouse gases that is leading to climate change
give an economic problem of traffic management
congestion can make people late for work and businesses deliveries take longer this can cause companies to lose money
give a social problem of traffic management
there is a greater risk of Accidents and congestion and is a cause of frustration and also lead to health issues for pedestrians
give 4 congestion Solutions
widen roads to allow more traffic to flow easily, introduce Park and Ride schemes to reduce car use, having public transport cycle lanes and cycle hire schemes, having congestion charges discourages drivers from entering the busy city centres
why and what is Crossrail in London?
It is to encourage more use of public transport, cycle lanes and Boris Bikers to discourage car use and there are hide parking fees
what is a greenbelt area?
a Zone of land surrounding a city where new building is strictly controlled to try to prevent City’s growing too much and too fast
what is urban regeneration?
the Investment in the revival of old urban areas by Eva and moving what is there or clearing it away and rebuilding
give 5 sustainable strategies
cycle routes, electric car share scheme, houses face south to reduce heating costs and using recycled or reclaimed building materials
what is integrated Transport systems?
it is the linking of different forms of public and private transport within a city and the surrounding area
what is a Brownfield site?
Brownfield sites are an area of land or premises that have been previously used but has subsequently become vacant derelict or contaminated
what’s the population of London?
8.7 million
who was London built by?
the Romans
give five importances of London
a centre for media and communications, major global financial centre, well-known universities and research centre, major legal and medical facilities and it’s a multi-ethnic city
where is Lagos located?
it’s a coastal city situated in the South of Nigeria
what’s the population of Lagos?
15 million
how much is Lagos growing yearly in people?
600,000 per year
what is the city’s importance of Lagos? name 5
the centre of trade and commence,80% of Nigeria’s industry is around Lagos, it is the financial centre of West Africa, it has a major international airport, and 1% of households in Lagos have reported the murder of a family member
what happened during the industrial revolution in London?
the population dramatically increased with people migrating from nearby rural communities
name a social opportunity for London
Sheffield has various cultural attractions such as bars in Shoreditch, the West End theatres, museums and restaurant as well as shopping
name an economic opportunity for London
the service sector is the largest employer particularly retail and financial sectors
name an environmental opportunity for London
London is one of the world’s greenest cities with royal Parks (EG Hyde Parks), local parks and public spaces
name a social opportunity for Lagos
healthcare and education are better in Lagos than in Nigeria as a whole
name an economic opportunity in Lagos
more jobs are available in Lagos than anywhere else in Nigeria ,Lagos has one of the highest income per person in the country
name an environmental opportunity in Lagos
there is an integrated transport system and a new waterway network of fairies
name a social challenge in London
house prices are very high, the average is 475000
name an economic challenge in London
many jobs are low pay EG retail and cleaning, with the high cost of living this is a problem for many
name an environmental challenge in London
urban sprawl has led to increased pressure and decline of Greenfield sites around the City
name a social challenge in Lagos
this a severe shortage of housing, schools in Healthcare available
name an economic challenge in Lagos
the rise of informal jobs with low pay and no tax contributions
name an environmental challenge in Lagos
traffic congestion is high and air pollution is bad , water availability is limited with vendors selling water from carts
what is the Lea Valley regeneration?
site of the 2012 Olympics, many of old Industries have gone and the area was derelict and overgrown
what are the main features of Lea Valley regeneration?
in the East Village 2800 new homes with 10 hectares of park and open space,a new school for 1800 students and the new Stratford International Station
what is makoko?
an unofficial squatter settlement built on the lagoon
what are some problems of makoko?
it’s densely populated with poor sanitation and limited access to services
what is Eko Atlantic?
a new development built on reclaimed land it has services and utilities
where is London located?
it’s the capital city in the South East of England
