Urban issues Flashcards
What is urbanisation?
increasing population percentage living in cities
Compare the rate of urbanisation in LICs and HICs?
Urbanisation in taking place more rapidly in Low Income Countries and more slowly in High Income Countries
What is natural increase?
Natural increase= birth rate - death rate.
increases pop. in LIC megacities
What are some push factors for rural-urban migration?
- poverty
- lack of jobs
- difficult working conditions
- lack of opportunities
What are some pull factors for rural-urban migration?
- well paid jobs
- better education
What is a Megacity?
A city with a population of over 10 million
Where is Rio de Janeiro?
Towards the east of South America and the south-east of Brazil. It borders the Atlantic ocean just above the Tropic of Capricorn.
Why is Rio an important city?
- Rio has increasing economic and political power.
- Apart of BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa)
- Brazil’s 2nd most important industrial centre (produces 5% of Brazil’s GDP)
- One of the most visited places in the Southern hemisphere
Explain the 4 different zones in Brazil
- North zone – industrial area with the most favelas
- West zone – most developed area with main Olympic stadium
- Centro – oldest part of the city with the financial centres and bank head quarters
- South – main tourist area with beaches and attractions
How has population grown in Rio de Janeiro?
- Natural increase
- Many jobs created - national migration form South America
- international migration ( USA, UK, China, Portugal)
Describe some of the education opportunities Rio offers?
social
- 4% illiteracy rate in RIo
- 1000 primary schools
- 400 secondary
- 6 major universities
What are some healthcare opportunities in Rio?
social
- 105 hospitals
- 34% of which are public
- life expectancy 77yrs ( 4 yrs higher than Brazil’s average)
Describe some opportunities surrounding jobs in Rio?
economic
- 6% Brazil’s employment from Rio
- Land rover opened $240 million factory in rio employing 300 people
- fifa 2014 world cup
Olympics 2016
What are the water opportunities?
(access to resources)
RIO
95% have mains water supply
What are the energy opportunities?
access to resources
- 99% of the city has access to the power grids
- hydroelectric power plants & lower costs
Outline some of Rio’s problems and solutions regarding resources
- 37% water lost because of leaky pipes and illegal access - over 300km of pipes were built
- all of Rio had frequent black-outs, people were illegally tapping into mains supply of electricity - 60km of new power lines and new nuclear generator
Outline the social challenges and solutions in Rio
1/2 of kids staying in education past 14 - locals volunteered to help in school, a private uni opened in Rocinha.
in 2013, 55% had a local family clinic, services for the pregnant and elderly - ‘Docway’ app for medical advice
Talk about the economic challenges and solutions in Rio
Many people turn to drug trafficking for money - in 2013 Paccifying Police Units established to reclaim drug run favelas.
Informal economy (not monitored by the government, no steady pay or hours)
Outline the problems surrounding pollution in Rio
AIR- Rio is the most congested city in SA - expansion of metro system under Guanabara bay
WATER- 200 tonnes sewage pours into bay daily - 12 new sewage works built since 2004 -> $68 million
WASTE- mainly waste is dumped & pollutes water system -> disease - power plant set up uses methane gas from rotting rubbish to produce electricity for 1000 homes
Name some challenges of living in squatter settlements ?
2% murder rate 30% no electricity houses built on steep slopes informal economy 50% no sewage system
What is the Favela Bairro project?
Rocinha is Rio de Janeiro’s largest favela and is built on steep hillside.
this scheme increases access to water supply, drainage systems for improved sanitation and a cable car.
It improved the quality of live for people in Rocinha and increased mobility and employment. but it won’t cover ever favela.
What is Barra de Tijuca?
A new town built to reduce overcrowding in favelas. for wealthy residents wanted a safer place to live. by 1995, population of 130,000.
believed to be the safest of Rio’s upper-class.
it hosted the 2016 Olympics
What is the name of the cable car system?
Complexo Rubem Braga Project
3.5km long cable car with 6 stops.
Where is London?
South-East England
