Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

geography > urban issues > Flashcards

urban issues Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Geography flashcards World Geography flashcards
1
Q

define an urban area

A

a built up area such as a town or a city

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

define a rural area

A

area that does not consist of any man made buildings and is all nature like the countryside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

define urbanisation

A

an increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas compared to rural areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

define megacity

A

a very large city, typically one with a population of over 10 million people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does HIC stand for

A

High Income Country

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does LIC stand for

A

Low Income Country

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does NEE stand for

A

New Emerging Economy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is rural-urban migration

A

the movement of people from the countryside into towns and cities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is counter urbanisation

A

the movement of people from towns and cities moving to the countryside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

define natural increase

A

when the birth rate is higher than the death rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

give two reasons why rural-urban migration is higher in LICs and NEEs than HICs

A
  • there is more investment being put in the urban areas in LICs and NEEs now so more people wanna move
  • there are lots more jobs in the urban areas for people in LICs and NEEs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

give 2 reasons why many HICs now see counter urbanisation

A
  • aspirations for a country life

* land and house prices are cheaper in rural areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what continents has the most megacities and give 2 examples

A

Asia:

  • Shanghai
  • Beijing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Give 2 examples of a push factor

A
  • no family
  • not practical
  • no universities
  • no shops
  • no jobs
  • bad facilities
  • no housing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define push factors

A

negative things that make people want to leave the countryside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Give 2 examples of a pull factor

A
  • Housing
  • Education
  • Lots of shops
  • Family
  • Lots of jobs
  • Practical
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define Pull factors

A

positive things that attract people to town/cities

18
Q

What country and continent is Rio in?

A

Brazil, Asia

19
Q

Why is Rio regionally important to Brazil?

A
  • provides jobs, lowest unemployment rates in the region
  • gets over twice the investment of any other city in the region
  • home to 12.5 million people
20
Q

give 2 reasons why is Rio important in Brazil?

A
  • provides 5% of Brazil’s GDP
  • Brazil’s main international airports are here with 2 others
  • GDP per capita is above Brazil’s average
  • 5 ports allows Brazil to import and export goods
21
Q

Why is Rio important internationally?

A
  • Home to 1 of the 7 wonders that attracts tourists to the City
  • Rio offers a global market to a global company due to the tourists
  • Hosted the Olympics in 2016 and the World Cup 2014
22
Q

Social Challenges in Rio

A
  • Water: 12% of Rio don’t have running water - 300km pipes laid
  • Energy: Growing demands of electricity - build new nuclear generator
  • Education: Many drop out of school to get involved in drug trafficking - Giving school grants to poor families
  • Health: 55% of the city had a local health clinic in 2013 - life expectancy has increased due to health kit in homes
23
Q

Economic factors in Rio

A

Unemployment: rates were 20% and the rich earn 12% of the total income - using education to reduce unemployment
Crime: Robbery and other crimes are popular - 2013 pacyiying police were established to reclaim the town from drug deals

24
Q

Environmental challenges in Rio

A

Waste pollution: Favellas were hard to waste collect - power plant that can consume 30 tonnes of rubbish has been set up
Water pollution: contains over 200 tonnes of raw sewage poured into bay each day - overseas aid had been set up
Traffic congestion: Cars have grown by over 40% in the last decade - made coastal roads one way

25
Q

What is a favela?

A

Very poorly designed house that is built in an inconvenient place for the citizens in a congested area

26
Q

List 3 ways the Favela Bairro project has tried to help people

A
  • Paved and formally named roads
  • Building of new health, leisure and education facilities
  • Access to. reddit to allow inhabitants to buy and materials to improve homes
  • Access to clean water supplies to improve sanitation
27
Q

List reasons why it wasn’t successful

A
  • Budget of US$1 Billion may not cover every favela
  • New infrastructure is not being maintained
  • Rents rise in the improved favelas and the poorest inhabitants are even worse off
28
Q

Why is Liverpool important nationally?

A
  • Airport (John Lennon airport)
  • Football teams: Everton + Liverpool
  • University of Liverpool
29
Q

Why is Liverpool important internationally?

A
  • Airport
  • Beatles
  • Sugar and Cotton ports
30
Q

Why has Liverpool declined?

A
  • Fewer exports
  • Increased trade with Europe meaning that ports in eastern UK are better located
  • Decline in shipping movements to the Americas and old Empire
  • Unemployment
31
Q

Opportunities in Liverpool

A
  • Cultural Mix: Africa Oyé, Liverpool Irish Festival
  • Recreation + entertainment: Liverpool one, Albert Dock, Echo arena
  • Employment: Science park, Port, Jaguar/Lansrover factory
  • Transport: Walrus card, mersey travel, Liverpool south parkway
  • Environment: Urban greening, Chavasse park
32
Q

Liverpool challenges

A
  • Many children in deprived areas of liverpool leave school without basic qualifications
  • regeneration of parts of the city has lead to increased inequality
  • waste disposal is becoming an increasing issue
33
Q

Define urban sprawl

A

the unplanned growth of urban areas out into the surrounding countryside

34
Q

Liverpool one is a regeneration project. give some positives about it

A
  • In 2012 more than 18 million customers went to the city centre October to December
  • In January 2010, Liverpool Vision reported that £900m of city-wide development was taking place
  • 8-10 million tourists visit Liverpool each year from the UK
35
Q

Give some negatives about the redevelopment project that is Liverpool One

A
  • The inner city districts close to the city centre such as Everton are very poor and there is little investment
  • There was much opposition to the project as some land moved into private ownership
36
Q

What is the name of the process that adds green space and give an example

A

Urban Greening - Chavasse park

37
Q

Define sustainability

A

Meeting the needs of people living now without reducing the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

38
Q

Which country is Freiburg in?

A

Germany, it has over 200,000 people living there

39
Q

How is Freiburg sustainable?

A
  • Green space in Freiburg: 40% of city is forested, 56% of forests are nature concerned meaning that 50% is managed while 6% is wild
  • Water supply: Green roofs, drainage watlands, collecting rain water for use indoors
  • Sustainable energy: Energy saving, Efficient technology, use of solar power
  • Waste disposal: 90kg per head is non renewable waste (average in Germany is 122kg), 350 community collection points
40
Q

What is an intergrated transport system?

A

This is where different forms of public transport are linked within the city and surrounding areas

41
Q

Give 2 problems of traffic congestion

A
  • Air pollution and greenhouse gases produced
  • People can be late to work
  • Health conditions from breathing is polluted air
  • Increased change of accident, frustrated drivers, delays in emergency services
42
Q

What are 2 ways to reduce traffic congestion

A
  • Encouraging use of public transport, this is cleaner that people using cars
  • Self-service bicycles to hire in the city with bike lanes
  • Pedestrians shopping streets where cars and not allowed. safer

geography (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions