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the changing economic world Flashcards

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1
Q

define development

A

positive change that makes things better for society. as a country develops, it usually means the standard of living is a better quality

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2
Q

define birth rate

A

the number of births per year per 1000 people

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3
Q

define death rate

A

the number of deaths per year per 1000 people

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4
Q

define adult literacy rate

A

the percentage of the population that can read or write over the age of 15

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5
Q

define quality of life

A

the general well being of a person or society, denied by terms of health or happiness, rather than wealth

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6
Q

Define standard of living

A

the level of wealth available to a certain socioeconomic class in a certain geographical area

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7
Q

name limitations of development measures

A
  • data can be out of date or hard to collect e.g during a war
  • some measures change quicker than others as a country develops e.g death rate which can mislead people
  • some indications show a good quality of life but these may be skewed upward by city dwellers and not represent what life is like in rural areas
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8
Q

what is the DTM

A

Demographic Transition Model:

a predicted graph to show how a country’s population changes overtime

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9
Q

what three things does a DTM measure?

A
  • birth rate
  • death rate
  • total population
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10
Q

what stage of the DTM would you find the UK

A

Stage 4 - low stationary

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11
Q

How do population pyramids link to DTM

A

the population pyramids represents the stages on the DTM

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12
Q

State 2 historical factors of uneven development

A
  • conflict (government may be corrupt)

- Colonisation

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13
Q

State 4 physical factors of uneven development

A
  • Landlocked
  • Poor climate
  • Poor farming land
  • Few raw materials
  • Lots of natural hazards
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14
Q

State 3 economic factors of uneven development

A
  • Debt
  • Economy based on primary products
  • Poor trade links
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15
Q

State ways how to reduce the development gap

A
  • Fairtrade
  • Debt Relief
  • Investment
  • Industrial development
  • Tourism
  • Aid
  • Microfinance loans
  • Intermediate technology
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16
Q

Where is Jamaica

A

Located in North America, one of the caribbean islands and it is in the south of Cuba. 800km from Miami

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17
Q

How is Jamaica reducing the development gap economically?

A
  • Tourism earned 24% of Jamaica’s total GNI
  • Income from tourism US$2 billion
  • 2032: predicted to earn 32% of Jamaica’s total GNI
  • Cruise tourism has increased to 1.1 mln
18
Q

How is Jamaica reducing the development gap socially

A
  • Tourism employees learn new skills which improve their prospects in the future
  • Employee’s quality of life has improved thanks to increased wages
  • tourist income has been used to improve infrastructure
19
Q

Are all the effects of reducing the development gap in Jamaica positive

A

No

  • Few locals work in highest paid tourist jobs
  • all inclusive tourists don’t contribute much to the local economy
  • Cruise tourists only spend $70/person/day. This is HALF what the other 2.5 mln visitors spend
20
Q

Location of Nigeria

A
  • located in Africa
  • North of the equator
  • neighbouring countries: cameroon, niger, chad and Benin
21
Q

How is Nigeria important to the rest of the world

A
  • By 2050 Nigeria should be in the top 20 largest economies
  • in 2014, nigeria became the worlds largest growing economy
  • Nigeria is also contributing to the global financial services, telecoms and media
22
Q

what is a primary industry

A

they produce raw materials for industries e.g farming

23
Q

what is a secondary industry

A

they take the raw materials produced by the primary escort and process them into manufactured goods and products

24
Q

What is a tertiary industry

A

involved the selling of services and skills

25
Q

what has happened to nigeria’s industrial structure

A

The tertiary and secondary industries are increasing and the primary industry have decreased

26
Q

why is oil important?

A
  • generates 95% of its earnings

- has helped Nigeria become a NEE

27
Q

How is cement important

A
  • Cement is a big business in Nigeria

- There is a high demand for cement

28
Q

What is a TNC

A

Trans-National Corporation:

A large company that operates in at least 2 countries

29
Q

Advantages of a TNC

A
  • Gives jobs
  • Improves peoples skills
  • Other local companies benefit
  • The money earned can go into local economy
  • They help develop mineral wealth and improve energy production
30
Q

Disadvantage of a TNC

A
  • They cause pollution
  • Sometimes they are paid badly
  • Working conditions can be poor
  • Few of the managers are local people
31
Q

Why is SHELL good?

A
  • provides employment for 65000 directly and a further 250000 jobs in related industries
  • Gives 91% of shell contracts to Nigerian companies
  • Supporting the growth of Nigeria’s energy sector
32
Q

Why is SHELL bad?

A
  • Oil spills have caused water pollution
  • Frequent oil flares send toxic fumes into the air
  • Militant groups disrupt oil supply in the delta
33
Q

Why is Unilever good?

A
  • It employs 1500 people
  • It improves the quality of life
  • Improved health care, education and water supply
34
Q

Why is Unilever bad?

A
  • Palm oil could run out

- Palm oil is grown and they have to cut and clear lots of forest areas

35
Q

Define deindustrialisation

A

the process where heavy industries decline as service and quaternary become more prominent

36
Q

Define globalisation

A

growth and spread of positivity ideas around the world. this can involve the movement or spread of culture, people, money or information

37
Q

Positives of globalisation

A
  • Economic growth
  • cheaper goods and services
  • High value production
  • Foreign investment
  • Migration
38
Q

Negatives of globalisation

A
  • less manufacturing
  • inequality
  • outsourcing jobs
39
Q

Define post-industrial economy

A

where manufacturing industries are declining to be replaced by growth in the service sector and the corresponding development of the quaternary sector

40
Q

What is a business park?

A

A business park is an area of land occupied by a cluster of businesses

41
Q

What is a science park?

A

A science park is an area full of scientific and technical knowledge based businesses on a single site

geography (3 decks)

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