Urban Issue Flashcards
urbanisation
people moving from rural area to towns and cities
HICs
Countries with a GNI $12,746 or over (Japan, US,UK)
LICs
Countries with a GNI lower than $1045 (Chad, Tanzania)
NEE
Country that begun experiencing high rates of economic development
GNI
the total economic activity of goods and services per capita (per head)
population of Mumbai
20.1 million
National importance of Mumbai
1/3 of all taxes come from Mumbai
70% of maritime trade nationally
25% of industrial output
60% from trade
Factors effecting urbanization
1)Migration
2)National increase
3)Location
4)Economic development/ quality of life
Three types of mega cities
Slow growing- Tokyo, Moscow, LA
Growing- Beijing, Rio, Shanghai
Rapid growing- Mumbai, Jakarta, Lagos
Pull factors to Mumbai
More employment
Higher income
Education
Healthcare
Community
Informal economy
work done without government officially knowing therefore no taxes. Common in lower income countries
Population of Dharavi
1.2 million 55% of people in 6% of the land
Dharavi annual income
665 million from recycling annually
10,000 single room businesses
85% or people have a job
£350 million in profits a year
Average life expectancy in Dharavi
60 years
Violent crimes in mumbai
murder and rape increasing
Kidnapping evening out/ decreasing
overall crime rate going down
location of Dharavi
Between two railway lines on the Mithi river
Where does recycling take place in Dharavi
Sana Ullah compound is the biggest area of recycling
social
relating to people and/ or community
Quality of life
the standard of health comfort and happiness experienced by an individual or group ( not always link to wealth)
literacy rate of Mumbai
89.73%
Maharashtra being 77.01%
ratio of schools to children
primary=1188:500,000
secondary=49:50,000
how man hospitals does Mumbai have
27 (20.1 million people)
with nearby Andra Pradesh having only 17 despite having a larger population (49,506,799)
ratio of people to toilet
1:2352
Common ilnesses in the slums due to poor sanitation
Typhoid and Diphtheria 1 in 20 people have used the street as a toilet and 4000 people are diagnosed each day
why is asthma and lung disease high
Air pollution due to excess traffic and outdated vehicles means that levels of PM10 (particles that cause asthma) are dangerously high(2400 people die each year due to lung disease in Mumbai)
scheme to prevent air pollution
a new railway line(32.5% underground so less space) and real time traffic adjustment
scheme to prevent bad sanitation and waste management
5100 toilets are being constructed
80% of waste recycled actually important to economy
scheme to prevent water pollution
Mithi river project aims to widen river to prevent flooding and they are building toilets to prevent toxic waste
Vision Mumbai
want to demolish slum area to a place full of high end malls, parks and apartments
plans to reduce air and water pollution and restore 325 gree space
Would improve sanitation- 3000 new toilets
In it for the profit
Slum sanitation project
300 toilet blocks with over 5100 toilets
Resettlement schemes
moves people from near the railway to areas where they can access new housing with good sanitation and close to local businesses
Self help schemes
Micro credit schemes mean companies give slum dwellers the ability to take small loans
Companies have to take initiative though because it has to come from a grassroots level
