Urban History 1

Question 1

U.S. Census population threshold for “urban” places, historically

Answer 1

Changed as computers and GIS allowed for more computation and more detailed records, allowing the combination of suburban areas into larger metropolitan areas, generally 2,500 people in one census designated place, with rules for “hops” and “jumps”

Question 2

U.S. Census definition of “rural” places

Answer 2

not urban

Question 3

Components of a city

Answer 3

dense population, hub of transportation, resources, connected to other cities, Paths, Edges, Districts, Nodes&Landmarks

Question 4

The city as place

Answer 4

this definition focuses on the city as a phenomena of itself, as something worth studying on its own, “places shaped by urban forms,” city has a “role” in the drama

Question 5

The city as site

Answer 5

this definition focuses on events and narratives that may happen in cities, but does not focus on the city as the central element, place where “social processes and institutions” were, city as “backdrop” for the drama

Question 6

Historiography

Answer 6

the study of the history of writing, like the way a field of research has changed over time

Question 7

Cahokia

Answer 7

ancient native american mound city where St. Louis is now, 10-20,000 population comparable to European capitals, 1100s-1200s

Question 8

Pueblo Bonito

Answer 8

location of an ancient native american apartment complex type building, showing evidence of social stratification and division of labor, New Mexico, dozens of people if not hundreds,

Question 9

Transportation breaks

Answer 9

places where there is a natural pause or change in methods of transportation, like ports or major railroad hubs

Question 10

Mississippi River

Answer 10

central river of the US, major place of trade and transportation

Question 11

Missouri River

Answer 11

midwestern river, part of Mississippi basin

Question 12

The confluence of the Mississippi and the Missouri

Answer 12

where St. Louis is and Cahokia was, transportation break

Question 13

Mango body whip

Answer 13

representative of the presence of nature even the most processed, manufactured items in very urban areas

Question 14

Zuzu the Chihuahua

Answer 14

representative of the question of who is a resident and who is an invader

Question 15

A Boon to Boulder and Missoula

Answer 15

the way that “less natural” cities like LA are an advantage to “eco-friendly” cities, making them look better by comparison, even though they’re supporting all the same systems, just outsourcing them

Question 16

The Blockade of New Orleans

Answer 16

shut down Mississippi river trade during the Civil War, St. Louis never recovered

Question 17

Primary Sources

Answer 17

first-hand accounts or documentation from the moment in history

Question 18

Secondary Sources

Answer 18

second-hand analysis, discussion, or reframing of first-hand sources

Question 19

Municipal Housekeeping

Answer 19

movement largely driven by women who were able to be involved in city planning and maintenance by incorporating it into the “housekeeping” allowed within the “women’s sphere”

Question 20

The City Beautiful Movement

Answer 20

movement to rationalize city plans, create monumental and aesthetically pleasing spaces in downtowns, also to remove “ugly” elements like trash, “immoral” businesses, and non-white and poor populations

Question 21

The Death and Life of Great American Cities

Answer 21

by Jane Jacobs, 1961, criticized 50’s oversimplified urban planning/renewal projects (Moses and Corbu), supported “dense mixed-use” development and “eyes on the street”, includes “the Uses of Sidewalks: safety” and “street ballet”

Question 22

The New York City Municipal Archives

Answer 22

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Question 23

The New York City Municipal Library

Answer 23

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Question 24

Finding Aids

Answer 24

summaries by archivists of collections to ease the requests for information within vast collections

Question 25

Library Databases

Answer 25

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Question 26

Sanborn Maps

Answer 26

maps of extensive sections of the US through the 1800s and 1900s for fire insurance

Question 27

Social Explorer

Answer 27

digital mapping site compiling census data and other information visually

Question 28

“Eyes on the Street”

Answer 28

Jane Jacob’s concept of communities watching out for each other and keeping their areas safe

Question 29

“Street Ballet”

Answer 29

Jane Jacob’s concept of the chaos and activity of a healthy community playing out in public spaces

Question 30

The Street Life Project

Answer 30

that guy who studied what elements made parks successful

Question 31

Paths, Edges, Districts, Nodes&Landmarks

Answer 31

elements of a city

Question 32

Time Zones

Answer 32

developed because of trains and telegraphs and the telephone, speeding up travel and communication enough that the fact that the sun was in different places in the sky at the same “time” was relevant

Question 33

“Pink Ribbons on Lampposts”

Answer 33

issue of the feminization of city planning and beautification as a result of the involvement of women’s clubs

Question 34

Women’s Clubs

Answer 34

groups (of mostly white, upper-middle class women) that were great proponents of the City Beautiful movement and city planning in general

Question 35

Jane Jacobs

Answer 35

“street ballet,” “eyes on the street,”

Question 36

Lewis Mumford

Answer 36

“urban drama,” “What is a City?” “The City in History,” “purposive associations” like universities and clubs,

Question 37

Michael Katz

Answer 37

place vs. site, Urban History Association President, 1968/9 conference produced “Nineteenth Century Cities” (site), 2014 conference on site vs. place, re-emphasis of “space”

Question 38

Robert Moses

Answer 38

“master builder” of New York City from 1920s to 1970s, massive building projects, highways, surburbs, design for cars, almost destroyed Greenwich Village, enemy of Jane Jacobs, “the Power Broker,” two worlds fairs and UN in New York City

Question 39

William Whyte

Answer 39

“Street Life Project,” originally commissioned by NYC Planning Commission 1969, the Design of Spaces/ City: rediscovering the Center, having seats in parks, ratio of women to men, time-lapse cameras, inner/outer parks, sidewalk importance

Question 40

Alison Isenberg

Answer 40

wrote “Downtown America: A History of the Place and the People who Made it”; we read the two chapters about Municipal Housekeeping and edited downtown postcards

Question 41

Kevin Lynch

Answer 41

“The City Image and its Elements,” paths, edges, landmarks, districts, and nodes, having people map their experience of a city (mental maps)

Question 42

Jennifer Price

Answer 42

Thirteen Ways of Seeing Nature in LA, believes in a wider definition of nature, including mango body whip and cranes picking through trash and wood tables, points out unequal access to “nature” depending on race and economic status

Question 43

Wallace Stevens

Answer 43

Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird

Question 44

Curt Teich

Answer 44

ran a postcard company starting 1910s, one of the biggest distributors of “local view” postcards

Question 45

John Nolen

Answer 45

City Beautiful urban planner, Lynn, MA speech where everyone was bored, Lock Haven,PA controversy over whether Civic Club or Board of Trade was paying, more “practical”

Question 46

Charles Mulford Robinson

Answer 46

City Beautiful urban planner, Fort Wayne plan after Zueblin speech, one of the most successful and influencial urban planning consultants

Question 47

Mira Lloyd Dock

Answer 47

forester and leader of the Municipal Housekeeping/City Beautiful movement, “Aunt Sam,” after raising her siblings she went to University of Michigan to study Botany, Civic Club Harrisburg, PA,