Urban futures- revision notes Flashcards
What is urbanistation ?
Urbanisation is the procces of towns and cities developing and becoming bigger as their population increases.
What is suburbanisation ?
Suburbanisation a change in the nature of rural areas such that they start to resemble the suburbs.
What is Counter-urbanisation?
Counter-urbanisation is the movement of people from urban areas into rural areas ; these may be people who already made the move into a city.
Re-urbanisation
Re-urbanisation is the us of innitiatives to counter problems of inner city decline.
What is a megacity
A city with 10+million people living in it. E.g. Tokyo, Moscow, NYC
What is a World city?
A world city is an urban centre that is a major player in the global economy and is connected to a network of other global cities through economic, cultural, and political linkages. E.g. London, Singapore, Paris
LIDC
EDC
AC
GNI
GDP
Low income developing country E.g. Lagos, Chad, Sudan
Emerging developing country E.g. Germany, USA, France
Advanced Countries E.g. UK, USA, Canada, Germany
Gross national income
Gross domestic product
What are two types of employement?
1) Formal employment: jobs that have contracted hours, a salary and a pension
2) Informal employment: jobs that do not have contracted hours, a salary and a pension
What are the advantages of megacities in LIDC’s ?
1) Allow industry and finance to cluster together and take advantages of a ready market, labour force and acces to markets abroad.
2) Provision of education and basic infrastructure (roads,water and electricity) often better than in rural areas.
3) Health: Cities usually have lower infant mortality rate and a higher life expectancy due to more developed hospitals and medicine .
4) Growth of the informal sector allows local entrepreneurial talent to thrive and helps tackle unemployement.
5) Self-help housing helps provide a solution to housing shortages
6) Strong community and employemnt sectors in slums.
What are the dissadvantages of megacities in LIDC’s ?
1) Inward migration tends to happen quicker than the pace of economic and social developement in the megacity
2) Universities and health centres are mostly in wealthier areas so they are innacesable to most of the population
3) Serious environmental problems including water shortages, widespread contamination of land, local contamination of groundwater and sewage disposal and air pollution.
4) As many megacities are on coastlines, many valuable habitats and natural coastline protections are threatened.
5) The governement rarely supports the informal sector as it doesn’t provide tax.
6) People living in slums tend to occupy land that is not fit for developement so they can be at risk of landslides and floods.
7) Lack of co-ordination across administrative areas makes the planning of services difficult
What is braindrain
The emigration of highly trained or qualified people from a particular country
Key fact about London
1) London is the UK’s capital city and contributes to most of the UK’s economy (over 20%). It is also the centre of the UK’s transport systems , road ,rail (5 airports : Heathrow, Gatwick, Luton, Stanstead and city) , air and shipping links.
2) London is a world city and has a major influence on its surrounding areas. Companies are attracted to the region by proximity to london, which increases jobs and wealth. The SE and East of England are the 2 biggest regional economies in the UK outside London.
3) It is a World City and along with New York it is the most important financial hub and London has the most foreign banks than anywhere else in the World.
Still have to do abit more on london and definately on Lagos
