Urban Futures Flashcards
Push factors of urbanisation
Drought - affects farming
Mechanization of agricultural equipment - fewer jobs available
Pull factors of urbanisation
Better choice of schools
Better health care
Economic consequences of urbanisation
Not enough jobs - unemployment
Social consequences of urbanisation
Infrastructure cannot be built fast enough - lack of basic services
High levels of crime
Environmental consequences of urbanisation
Litter
Road congestion - pollution
Push factors of suburbanisation
Urban areas become overcrowded
Deindustrualisation in cities
Pull factors of suburbanisation
Lower population - popular with older people
More greenspace
Economic consequences of suburbanisation
Fewer people living in inner city means shops/restaurants could struggle
Social consequences of suburbanisation
Wealthier middle class move out to suburbs leaves poorer people (usually foreign immigrants) behind - leads to ethnic segregation
Environmental consequences of suburbanisation
New housing estates built on open countryside effects wildlife
Push factors of counter urbanisation
Suburbs and city centres have traffic problems
Pull factors for counterurbanisation
Houses in smaller settlements have more outside space
Improved communication services means people can work from home
Social consequences of counterurbanisation
Character of the rural area could be ruined if farm buildingsare renovated
Economic consequences of counterurbanisation
Some rural shops may close as people who own cars are more likely to travel into the centre
Environmental consequences of counterurbanisation
New housing estates built can effect wildlife
Push factors of reurbanisation
Counterurbanisation could lead to high house prices in rural areas
Pull factors of reurbanisation
If a few businesses reinvest in urban areas, others tend to do so as well
Economic consequences of reurbanisation
As people move back to urban areas, new shops and services open which boosts the economy
Social consequences of reurbanisation
Original residents may not be able to afford the house prices as they increase due to more people moving back
Environmental consequences of reurbanisation
Redeveloping brownfield sites in cities can help to protect wildlife
