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Geography > Urban Futures > Flashcards

Urban Futures Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Urbanisation?

A

> Growth of the proportion of a country’s population living in urban areas.

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2
Q

What are AC’s?

A

> Advanced Countries are more economically developed countries.

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3
Q

What is a Megacity?

A

> An Urban area with over 10 millions people living there.

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4
Q

What is a World-city?

A

> A city that has an influence over the whole world.
World cities are centres for trade and business.

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5
Q

How has the rate of megacities been changed since 1950?

A

> In 1950 there were only 2 mega cities now there has been a rapid increase and there is over 30.

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6
Q

What are the urban push factors?

A

> Natural Disasters
Conflict/War
Droughts

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7
Q

What are the Urban pull factors?

A

> More jobs=more paid
Join other family members
Better quality of life

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8
Q

Economic Consequences of Rapid Urbanisation?

A

> May be insufficient amount of jobs
No access to education

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9
Q

Environmental Consequences of Rapid Urbanisation?

A

> Rubbish is often not collected or may end up in big rubbish heaps
Sewage and toxic chemicals can get into rivers, harming wildlife
Road system may not cope.

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10
Q

Social Economic Consequences of Rapid Urbanisation?

A

> There aren’t enough houses
High levels of crime
Infrastructure can’t be built fast

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11
Q

What is Suburbanisation?

A

> Movement of people from city centres to the outskirts.

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12
Q

What are the Push factors for Suburbanisation?

A

> Urban areas can be overcrowded and polluted
High crime rate
An increase in unemployment in the city
High house prices

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13
Q

What are the pull factors for Suburbanisation?

A

> Suburban area have low population density
Cheap rents
Improvements in public transport

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14
Q

What are economic impacts of Suburbanisation?

A

> Fewer people living in suburbs, so less shops and restaurants for customers.
Unemployment increasing so lower living standards

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15
Q

What are Environmental impacts of Suburbanisation?

A

> New housing estates
A lot of congestion and pollution

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16
Q

What are Social impacts of Suburbanisation?

A

> Economic and ethnic segregation
Business and people may move out leading to abandoned infrastrcture.

17
Q

What is Counter-urbanisation?

A

> Movement of people away from large urban areas to smaller settlements and rural areas.

18
Q

What are push factors for counter-urbanisation?

A

> Suburbs and city centres often have problems with traffic congestion and parking.
Housing in central urban areas are expensive.

19
Q

What are pull factors for counter-urbanisation?

A

> Houses in smaller settlements are often bigger
Improvements to communication’s increase jobs
Better car ownership and public transport

20
Q

What are the social impacts of Counter-Urbanisation?

A

> Some new developments can affect the character of rural settlements
Can lead to creation of commuter settlements
More demand for houses and prices increase
Rural roads and infrastructure may struggle to cope with the additional traffic.

21
Q

What are the economic impacts of Counter-Urbanisation?

A

> Some services in rural areas see an increase in business, this is because the newer residents are often professionals.
Farmers are able to make money by selling unwanted land or buildings for housing.

22
Q

What are the environmental impacts of Counter-Urbanisation?

A

> Most people in rural areas own a car causing air pollution and congestion
Mew housing estates often built in the countryside affecting wildlife.

23
Q

What is Re-Urbanisation?

A

The movement of people back into urban areas.

24
Q

What are push factors of re-urbanisation?

A

> Lack of jobs in some rural or suburban areas.
Rural areas have fewer leisure
Counter-urbanisation may cause high prices.

25
Q

What are the pull factors of re-urbanisation?

A

> Most universities are located in urban areas so many young people move there for education.
Young people often want to live close to their work in areas with good entertainement.

26
Q

Economic impacts of Re-Urbanisation

A

> New shops and services open boosting economy
Increase in tourism

27
Q

Environmental impacts of Re-Urbanisation?

A

> Redeveloping sites can destroy urban wildlife.
More businesses will open so more greenspace needs to be used.

28
Q

Social Impacts of Re-Urbanisation?

A

> Tension between original and new residents.
Local state school can benefit form the increase in students.
More businesses return and jobs are created decreasing unemployment levels.

29
Q

Reasons for London population growth?

A

> Migration
Top-class universities
International immigrants

30
Q

Distinctive ways of life in London?

A

> Leisure facilities
High ethnic diversity
Many theatres and museums
Many big festivals

31
Q

Challenges modern London faces?

A

> Inequality:
.Unhealthy lifestyles, unemployment, low wages.
Access to services:
.Healthcare, education
Housing availability.

32
Q

Sustainable solutions to London’s Transport problem?

A

> A new railway is being built to increase rail capacity.
Rail and underground capacity is being increase by running more trains every hour.
Congestion charges have been introduces to discourage drivers in city centres.

33
Q

Reasons for rapid growth in Lagos?

A

> Large number of migrants
Better jobs
Refugees
More opportunities

34
Q

Distinctive ways of life in Lagos?

A

> Nollywood
Western style fashion
Street parties and nightclubbing
Shopping
Consumption
Ethnic group about 250.

35
Q

Challenges Lagos faces?

A

> Squatter Settlements
Health
Waste disposal
Informal sector jobs

36
Q

Sustainable solutions for Lagos waste management problem?

A

> The World Bank is financing a project to collect waste from food markets to turn into compost.
This stops waste going to landfill and Global warming.(Explain process).
Government aims to generate electricity from released methane in rubbish dumps
Pipes are being placed to store methane.

Geography (8 decks)

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