Urban Environments And Urban Fieldwork

Question 1

What is urbanisation

Answer 1

The increasing proportion of people living in urban areas

Question 2

Trends in urbanisation over the last 50 years in LICSs/HICs

Answer 2

• Emerging and developed countries have highest levels of urbanisation overall (90% of urbanisation taking place here)
• Lowest levels of urbanisation in Africa and SE Asia; however, rate of growth is now highest in developing countries (sometimes called hyper-urbanisation)
• Urban population is increasing proportionally faster than the world’s population (world population doubled from 1950 to 2000, but urban population trebled)
• In 2008, for the first time in history, over 50% of the world’s population lived in urban areas
• It reached 54% in 2014 and is expected to reach 66% by 2050 and 75% by 2100

Question 3

What graph demonstrates the route to urbanisation

Answer 3

The urbanisation pathway (pic on revision notes)

Question 4

What is urban processes timeline

Answer 4

Agglomeration -> Suburbanisation -> Commuting -> Counter-urbanisation -> Urban re-imaging and regeneration -> Urbanisation of suburbs

(That order over time)

Question 5

What is suburbanisation

Answer 5

Urban settlements grow out towards the suburbs

Question 6

What is suburbanisation caused by

Answer 6

• Better transport links between suburbs and CBD
• CBD push factors e.g. congestion, overcrowding, pollution
• Suburban pull factors e.g. less pollution, greener, more space e.t.c

Question 7

What is dormitory settlement

Answer 7

Areas on the RUF (rural urban fringe) where residents mainly sleep and then commute to the CBD (central business district) for work I.e. they are used as dormitories and are very quiet during the working day

Question 8

What is counter-urbanisation

Answer 8

People ‘leap frog’ the RUF (rural urban fringe) and move out to rural areas, this encourages decentralisation of activities away from the CBD (central business district)

Question 9

What is urban decentralisation

Answer 9

The movement of population and businesses away from the established city center toward the urban fringe

Question 10

What is urban regeneration, gentrification, urban reimagining or rebranding

Answer 10

• Central urban areas that were decentralised and went into decline can be redeveloped e.g. East London/Stratfrord and Olympic Park area
• Often leads to locals who remained there being priced out of the area due to house prices raising, and the emergence of ‘hipster shops’ like avocado toast cafes and no local convenience stores on the high street
• Can revitalise the area and bring more money though

Question 11

What are factors affecting the rate of urbanisation

Answer 11

• Push and pull factors
• Rate of population growth
• High rates of rural-urban migration
• High rates of natural increase (NI= BR-DR)
• Rate of economic development
• All of the above are linked together in a multiplier effect, as once momentum is achieved, this will continue happening

FINISH THIS

Question 12

What is natural increase