Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

geography > urban environments > Flashcards

urban environments Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Geography flashcards World Geography flashcards
1
Q

rate of urbanisation

A

growth in percentage of a population living and working in urban areas over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

level of urbanisation

A

percentage of population living and working in urban areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

agglomeration

A

concentration of people and economic activities at favourable locations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

suburbanisation

A

a population shift from. central urban areas into suburbs, resulting in the formation of urban sprawl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

urban re-imaging

A

re-building abandoned places into more modern, useful neighbourhoods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

example of urban re-imaging

A

deserted docklands and warehouses in London were re-generated into offices and apartments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

factors affecting rate of urbanisation

A

pace of economic development, the rate of population growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

pace of economic development

A

economic growth that drives urbanisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

natural increase

A

birth rate - death rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how many megacities were there in 1970

A

4 - New York, Tokyo, Osaka and Mexico City

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

millionaire city

A

a city with a population of over 1 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

world city

A

a city of any size and population that is known around the world for landmarks, money and power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

economic development

A

as the economy grows, businesses and people are attracted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

problems associated with rapid urbanisation

A

congestion, transport, employment, crime, environmental issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

crime

A

the rate of crime increases as rapid urbanisation increases because some people can’t find jobs, or do not have a lot of money

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is suburbanisation encouraged by

A

improvements in transport, arrival of more people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

urban re-generation

A

involves re-using areas in the old parts of towns or cities abandoned by people and businesses that have moved to the suburbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

counter urbanisation

A

when people and businesses move from urban cities to rural areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

urbanisation of suburbs

A

a population shift from central areas into suburbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

rate of population growth

A

the rate at which the number of individuals in a population increases in a given time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

megacity

A

a city with a population of over 10 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how many megacities are there now

A

35

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

multiplier effect

A

more jobs mean more money, so more people move into urban areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

economies of scale

A

having one big city rather than small multiple ones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

population growth

A

more people living in cities mean more families grow bigger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

employment

A

people struggle to find work so many begin working in the informal sector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

congestion

A

roads become overloaded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

environmental issues

A

pollution increases due to more vehicles which speeds up global warming and plastic pollution and litter increases

29
Q

factors affecting urban land use patterns

A

locational needs, accessibility, land values

30
Q

locational needs

A

people need hospitals, banks, supermarkets and access to public transport

31
Q

accessibility

A

how accessible everything is

32
Q

land values

A

how much money a certain amount of land costs in this specific area

33
Q

name of place where land values are highest

A

peak land value intersection

34
Q

CBD

A

retail and other commercial businesses usually cluster around the centre

35
Q

Inner city

A

factories occupy the area around the central business district, and are located near railways, canals or rivers

36
Q

suburbs

A

Housing is found further from the centre, they are more spacious and more people have gardens

37
Q

Urban fringe

A

houses are a lot more spaced out and this is where the city ends and the countryside begins

38
Q

urban challenges in London

A

food supply, energy supply, transport and traffic, waste disposal, concentrated resource consumption, ethnic segregation

39
Q

food supply

A

more than 2.3 million Londoners live below the poverty tine, many people rely on food banks however you have to be referred to one by a GP and only get 3 meals a week

40
Q

energy challenges

A

most of London’s heat and hot water is generated in large power stations outside London. The heat produced when generating electricity is not used, but just wasted

41
Q

transport and traffic

A

challenges include crowding on public transport during peak hours, congestion, pollution, accessibility for elderly and disabled, weather disruption and noise

42
Q

waste disposal

A

only 52% of London’s 7 million tonnes of annual waste is recycled and 37% of waste in London is sent to a landfill

43
Q

concentrated resource consumption

A

we consume three times our share of the earth’s resources, including food, energy and water

44
Q

ethnic segregation

A

this stops people from being employed, having a hob and earning money.

45
Q

urban challenges in data

A

urban pollution, squatter settlements, low quality of life, informal economy

46
Q

causes of squatter settlements

A
  • increased migration (rapid)
  • not enough money to live in city
  • no available houses
47
Q

characteristics of squatter settlements

A
  • no hygiene
  • no running water
  • no sewers
  • no healthcare
  • lack of infrastructure
  • no money, increased crime rate
48
Q

relative poverty

A

poverty compared to the rest of the country

49
Q

absolute poverty

A

$1 a day

50
Q

Informal economy

A

employment that is not controlled, monitored or recognised by governments
e.g. babysitting

51
Q

CASE STUDY - Korail slum

A
  • approximately 40 km^2
  • home to more than 50 000 residents
  • borders Gulshan and Banani
52
Q

air pollution

A

The AQI was at 371 in 2018. The air pollution is extremely unhealthy

53
Q

reasons for unhealthy air pollution in Dhaka

A
  • many brick kilns

- old, run down cars that produce a lot more pollution than modern ones

54
Q

what is the rural urban fringe

A
  • the area where the green fields and open spaces of the countryside meets the built up parts of towns and cities
55
Q

push factors for moving to the rural-urban fringe

A
  • housing is old and expensive in the city
  • there is a shortage of land in cities
  • air quality in the city is very poor and noise levels are high
56
Q

pull factors for moving to the rural-urban fringe

A
  • land on the urban fringe is cheaper and houses are larger

- the urban fringe has main roads and motorway links for quicker and easier customer contacts

57
Q

Cambridge business park

A
  • comprised of 12 modern offices
  • right next to science park which increases companies’ and people attraction
  • many amenities such as fully landscaped grounds, Cambridge park and ride
  • located near motorways or main roads for easy access
58
Q

Cambridge science park

A
  • area devoted to scientific research or development of science-based industries
59
Q

when was the first science park established

A

1971

60
Q

cambourne housing estate

A
  • planned in the 1990’s

- population of 12 000 people and 4250 homes

61
Q

Greenfield site

A

a site that has not previously been built on

62
Q

advantages of Greenfield sites

A
  • cheaper to build on
  • more architectural freedom
  • healthier
63
Q

disadvantages to Greenfield sites

A
  • encourages urban sprawl
  • encourages traffic congestion
  • destroys animal habitats
  • once land has been converted to development, it is unlikely to be converted back
  • loss of agricultural land results in loss of production
  • air/light/noise pollution
64
Q

brownfield sites

A

derelict land used for urban development

65
Q

advantages of brownfield sites

A
  • creates jobs, lifts property prices, improves environment
  • reduces urban sprawl
  • reduces loss of country side
  • already has facilities
66
Q

disadvantages of brownfield sites

A
  • more expensive to build on as the land needs to be cleared first
67
Q

economic sustainability

A

the ability to support a defined level of economic production indefinitely

68
Q

environmental sustainability

A

the ability to maintain rates of renewable resource harvest, pollution creation, and non-renewable resource depletion that can be continued indefinitely

69
Q

social sustainability

A

the ability of a social system, such as a country, to function at a defined level of social well being indefinitely

geography (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions