Urban Environments Flashcards
Define Agglomeration
Clustering of people and their activities around a particular location
Define Bid-Rent Curve
Graph showing the different levels of rent that different land uses can afford to pay
Define Cycle of Deprivation
A downward self-perpetuating spiral of decline in urban areas that leads to other problems
Define Mega-cities
A city with a population of over 10 million people
Define Sustainability
Meeting the needs of today without compromising the capacity of future generations to meet their own needs
What is the difference between world cities and mega cities
World cities have a global influence
Name the top three ranking world cities
New York
London
Tokyo
What do world cities typically contain?
TNC Headquarters
Leading business centres
What has been the driving force behind urbanisation?
Massive rural-urban migration
Rates of natural increase that are higher in urban areas
What does Mike Davies say are the problems of mega cities?
Inadequate infrastructure
Lack of employment due to explosive population growth
What is the name of Mike Davies’s book on mega cities called?
Planet of Slums (2006)
What is the result of mega cities’s problems?
Poverty
Define Urban
A built up area which acts as the focal point of a local area, which often has a more secondary and tertiary emphasis than primary emphasis
What is evidence for the for rural-urban shift?
1800- 5% Urban
2010- 60% Urban
Define Urban structure models
Models to describe urban land use
Name 6 types of urban structure models
Zonal Model Sector Model Multiple nuclei Model Pre-industrial Model Latin American City Model Mann's structure of a British City
Name physical factors which influence urban land-use patterns
Topography
Local Climates
Name social factors which influence urban land-use patterns
Historic Growth
Social Distance
Traditions, value and culture
Name economic factors which influence urban land-use patterns
Transport technology
Competition between land uses
Transport routes
Local economic systems
Name political factors which influence urban land-use patterns
Planning
What is the zonal model?
A model which represents urban land use as a series of rings or zone. Which presumes the city grows outwards in all directions from a central zone.
What is the sector model?
A model which describes urban land use as a series of wedges or sectors that radiates from the city centre.
Where do the wedges develop in the sector model?
Along transport corridors where accessibility is high
What is the multiple-nuclei model?
This model recognises that often urban areas don’t focus on one central business district but rather multiple nuclei
