Urban Environments Flashcards
Urban Environments
Define urbanisation
An increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas.
(an increasing percentage of a country’s population migrating)
Urban Environments
Define suburbanisation
The growth of urban areas at their edges.
Urban Environments
Define counter-urbanisation
The movement of people from large urban areas to smaller urban areas and rural settlements.
Urban Environments
What is a megacity?
A city with over 10 million residents
Urban Environments
What is meant by urban land use?
Activities such as industry, housing, and commerce that may be found in cities or towns.
Land values increase with the accessibility to good transport routes
Urban Environments
Give 3 potential reasons for rapid urbanisation in LICs and MICs
- Better paying and more secure jobs in urban areas (economic pull factor)
- Better provision of education and health facilities in urban areas (social pull factor)
- Rural areas have fewer job opportunities; farming can be low paid and subject to natural hazards (economic/physical push factor)
- Poor access to clean water and sanitation, as well as healthcare and education in rural areas (social push factors)
Urban Environments
Outline each part of the Burgess Model
Central Business District (CBD):
* highest land value
* where people work and do business
* most accessible + most commercial activity
* high rise buildings
Inner City
* zone in transition/light manufacturing
* derelict (poor condition) land
* old industry in shut down
* terraced housing
* declining population with high unemployment
* large areas of redevelopment
* lack of space/densely populated
RURAL-URBAN FRINGE
Inner Suburbs
* housing dates 80-100 years (entering suburbs)
* lower urban density
* community central to city
* residential zone (houses have garages and backyards
Outer Suburbs
* shops of low order (newsagents, small supermarkets)
* low development density
* lack of activity centres
* poor street connections
* modern housing estates
* remote from centre
Urban Environments
Elaborate on 3 problems associated with rapid urbanisation.
Crime: The increasing rate in crime is sometimes a result of the issues with unemployment or low pay. Crime is often concentrated in more densely populated areas.
Congestion: Rapid urbanisation leads to large-scale congestions across densely populated areas.
Transport: Access to transportation becomes more difficult due to the congestions. These traffic and transport delays vary depending on the days of the week or time of year.
Employment: Some migrants move to urban areas for the appeal of emplyment and a stable standard of living. In some cases, migrants face issues with unemployment or underemployment because there aren’t enough job spots (no pay or job security). This means they have to enter the informal sector/unregulated economy.
Environment: Examples of environmental issues include waste products and waste disposal, air pollution in industrialising areas (which leads to higher rates of death), water pollution because it is used as dumping ground.
underemployment: working only ocassionally
CCTEE
Urban Environments
Where do industrial areas occur?
inner city (usually the oldest industrial area of the city), major transport routes. and edge-of-town locations
Urban Environments
Where do industrial areas occur?
Inner city (usually the oldest industrial area of the city), major transport routes. and edge-of-town locations
Urban Environments
Suggest some urban challenges developed countries may face.
e.g. london, uk & hong kong, china
- Congestion and sustainability
- Environmental problems including waste disposal and use of non-renewable energy
- Segregation between ethnic groups
- Providing resources (food, clean water, jobs, etc.) to all residents
Urban Environments
Suggest some urban challenges developing countries may face.
e.g. rio, brazil & dharavi, india
- dangerous and intensive labour in the informal economy (unregulated/untaxed jobs)
- poor sewage and drainage systems -> leads to pollution
- limited access to (clean) water -> leads to infections and diseases
- poor air quality due to industrial emissions
- low quality of life and security
Urban Environments
Define ecological footprint
a measurment of the amount of land needed to provide a population with the resources it consumes (water, food, energy).
it is measured in global hectares (gha)
Urban Environments
What leads to the formation of a slum?
A LIC having a lack of economic growth, income inequality along with in-migration leads to poverty across a large scale and a lack of affordable housing, which leads to the formation of a slum.
Urban Environments
Define ecological footprint
a measurment of the amount of land needed to provide a population with the resources it consumes (water, food, energy).
it is measured in global hectares (gha)
