Economic Activity and Energy Flashcards
No case studies for human geography. sorry i couldnt be bothered
Economic Activity and Energy
Outline the 4 economic sectors.
- the primary sector exploits raw materials
- the secondary sector manufactures primary materials into finished products
- the tertiary sector provides services
- the quaternary sector uses high technology to provide information and expertise
Economic Activity and Energy
What is a product chain?
The full sequence of activities needed to turn raw materials (primary sector) into a finished product.
Economic Activity and Energy
Suggest why the proportion of people working in each sector changes during industrialisation.
- Increasing mechanisation (robots, automated machinary) reduced the demand for workers in the primary sector
- Less rural jobs meant more people moved to urban areas where the demand was on jobs in the secondary and tertiary sectors
- Technological improvements led to an increase in tertiary and quaternary employment
Economic Activity and Energy
Suggest the dominating sector in the following countries:
Australia, Malaysia, Kenya
- Australia (HIC): Tertiary - 75%
- Malaysia (MIC): Tertiary - 53%
- Kenya (LIC): Primary - 74%
Malaysia has 36% in the secondary sector
Economic Activity and Energy
What physical factors may affect the location of economic activity?
- Site: The availability, condition, or cost of land depending on the practical needs
- Climate: Some industries favour certain types of climate (e.g. aerospace and sunny climate, or to lower heating bills)
- Energy: Industries are drawn to cheaper access to energy supply
- Raw materials: Many industries require large raw materials that are easier to transport if they are close
- Natural roadways and harbours: Natural harbours provide good locations for ports or other industries related
SCERN
Economic Activity and Energy
What human factors affect the location of economic activity?
- Capital (money): Some areas are more likely to attract investment than others depending on the rest of these factors
- Labour: The quality of life and cost of labour
- Transport and communications: Transport costs, especially when transporting raw materials from airports, motorways, ports, etc.
- Markets: The proximity and size of markets (also for reduced transport)
- Government influence: Government policies and decisions also have an impact
- Quality of life: Depending on the sector of the industry, they will aim for areas where the quality of life is high or low
Economic Activity and Energy
Why have many developed countries had a decline in employment in the manufacturing industry?
(deindustrialisation)
As globalisation increased, TNCs profitted off of the lower costs in developing and emerging countries (China, Brazil, India, etc.)
Economic Activity and Energy
Describe how the demographic (population) may have an affect on economic activity.
- Increasing population leads to a higher demand for resources
- Larger supply of potential workers
- The age structure and cultural traits will have an affect on the demand for certain goods and services
Economic Activity and Energy
Why has there been an increase in the demand for energy?
- Increasing population leads to a higher demand for resources
- As countries develop, so do the residents’ income, therefore demands increase
- Technological advancement worldwide
Economic Activity and Energy
Why might energy supply be interrupted?
- natural hazards or disasters
- geopoltics
- civil disturbance
- rapid resource depletion
- affordability
- environmental concerns
Economic Activity and Energy
Why do countries aim to rely more on renewable energy resources?
particularly over fossil fuels
- environental concerns with greenhouse emissions
- to stop relying on costly fossil fuel imports
- to improve energy security (supplying for the whole population)
Economic Activity and Energy
How could the government aid on conserving energy?
- encourage the use of public transport
- set a high level of tax on petrol
- encourage businesses to monitor and reduce energy usage
- promote and utilise renewable energy sources
- set laws for manufacturers and the efficiency of their machinary
Economic Activity and Energy
How could individuals aid on conserving energy?
- use public transport, or walk instead of driving
- buy low fuel/emission cars
- use low energy light bulbs
- improve home insulation (to minimise the use of electricity)
- turn boiler and radiator settings down
- purchase energy efficient appliances
