Urban Environments Flashcards
What are four factors which encourage the growth of megacities
- The multiplier effect
- population growth
- economies of scale
- economic development
What is a millionaire city?
A city with over a million people
What is the multiplier effect?
It is a cycle when people move to a city which creates more demand for services and creates more jobs so more money is spent which makes the city more attractive for people to move to it.
What is a megacity?
A city with over 10 million people
what percentage of people in Rio live in favelas
25 percent
What are cores?
Cores are the central region in an economy with good communications and a high population density (e.g. megacities)
What are peripheries
They are regions around the core that have not benefitted from globalization, global wealth, and the growth of a megacity.
What is a Global City?
A global city is an urban centre that enjoys competitive advantages and serves as a hub within a globalised economic system.
What are push and pull factors? (include examples)
Push factors are negatives of your current area that would drive you away such as a lack of opportunities.
Pull factors are positives of where you are moving to that would attract you towards it such as better education.
What are the health issues affecting favelas in Rio?
There are lots of infectious diseases constantly arriving in the favelas due to mass migration.
There is also a lack of health clinics with only 2.
Poor ventilation and sanitation contributes to the health issues for lots of the people in favelas.
What is hyper-urbanisation?
It is when a population grows too fast for the city to cope.
Name 3 consequences of rapid urbanisation.
- A lack of job opportunities
- High levels of disease in cramped housing
- Danger of unstable houses and flooding
what is the difference between formal and informal employment?
Informal employment is registered with the government and subject to tax however informal employment isn’t registered with the government therefore you don’t need to pay tax on it.
Pros and Cons of living in the Favelas
Pros:
Tightly knit community
Affordable
Lack of government involvement and lack of taxes means locals can be creative (e.g. small recycled garden and former waste heap made into a fruit garden by resident)
There are photography galleries and murals which create a hugely creative and culturally rich environment
Cons:
They look messy to the government
Average of 111 deaths per day
Housing isn’t inspected by professional bodies so there is risk of collapse and fire, this is especially problematic for those on hills where landslides are prominent
A large amount of pollution
What are the issues with transport in Rio?
The roads are very poor quality and constantly in need of repair which contributed to Rio having the 8th worst congestion of any major city in the world.
