Urban Environments Flashcards
How do urban settlements differ to rural ones
- the economies
- their size
- density of people and buildings
- way of life
Why do high rates of urbanization occur
- new economic developments are concentrated in big cities
- push-pull factor
- high rates of natural increases
What happens at the emerging stage of urbanization
The rates of economic development and urbanization speed up
What is urbanization
The movement of people from a rural area to an urban area
What is agglomeration
The concentration of people and economic activities at favorable locations
- river crossing points
- estuary mouths
- close to a mineral source
What is suburbanization
When town expand outwards adding to built-up areas
What encourages suburbanization
- improvements in transport
- overcrowding
- decline in the quality of residential environment
- arrival of more people
What does the urban processes timeline look like
Agglomeration - suburbanization - commuting - urban regeneration - counter urbanization - urban re-imaging - urbanization of suburbs
What is urban regeneration
Re-using areas in old parts of cities abandoned as people and businesses have moved to the suburbs
What does urban regeneration allow to happen
- urban re-imaging
- urban re-branding
What is a megacity
Cities with a population of over 10 million
Examples of megacities
Factors encouraging mega city growth
- economies of scale
- multiplier effect
- population growth
- economic development
What are global/world cities
Cities with a population over 1 million
Problems due to rapid urbanization
- lack of housing
- access to water and electricity
- traffic congestion and transport
- health
- education
- employment
- social problems
- environmental issues
Factors effecting land use patterns
- land values
- locational needs
- accessibility
- residential pattern
Why do simular land uses come together
- lame locational needs
- can afford same general level of land value
Different layers of a city
Core
Inner-city ring - early suburbs
Suburban ring - present suburbs
Urban fringe
What is in the core
The oldest part of the city
- contains the CBD and some of the earliest buildings
What is the urban fringe
Countryside that is being ‘eroded’ ny the outward spread of built-up areas
- provides housing
Generalizations about the structures of cities moving outwards
- age of the built-up areas decreases
- style of architecture and urban design changes
- overall density of development decreases
What are the residential pattens of cities
Simular social classes, occupations, wealth and ethnicities tend to live near each other
Economic challenges due to urbanization in developed cities
- deindustrialisation
- globalization
- food supply
- transport and traffic
- energy supply
- service provision
Social challenges due to urbanization in developed cities
- social services and housing
- poverty and deprivation
- ethnic segregation
- quality of life
- aging population
- terrorism and crime
