Urban Enviroments Flashcards
What are the problems that face Birmingham?
There isn't enough housing. Too much traffic and pollution. The CBD contains many rundown and disused buildings. Certain areas suffer high unemployment. Ethnic segregation.
What are the attractions of Birmingham?
Balti triangle contains lots of curry houses.
Brinkley place is a modern development with hotels and restaurants.
Broad street contains many bars and clubs meaning a good night life.
The bullring is a shopping centre with 140 shops.
The city of Birmingham symphony orchestra and the Birmingham Royal ballet add to the culture.
St Paul’s square has lots if live music events.
How has the CBD in Birmingham changed?
It was once a big manufacturing centre where engineering and jewellery were large industries. However the factories faced competition from cheaper foreign goods and so went into decline, causing high unemployment and crime.
Explain the Birmingham’s bullring centre.
It was first built in the 1960s but looked rundown by the 80s. To get the economy of the CBD and the whole area going again, it was completely redeveloped and reopened in 2003. It now has 140 shops including a Selfridges. The shape has been redeveloped to make the city centre look inviting. 35 million people use it every year.
What has happened with Brindley place ?
It was an area of old warehouses next to a canal. £400 million was invested so it is now a smart ,modern, pedestrian zone of up market apartments, offices, hotels, restaurants and cafes. Nearby attractions include the national indoor arena and the sea life centre aquarium.
What has been done to redevelop the CDB of Birmingham?
Brindley place.
Bulls ring shopping centre.
Shopping streets have been pedestrianised and buildings in the Jewellery quarter have been restored making it more attractive to tourists.
Have the redevelopments to the CDB of Birmingham worked?
The physical environment has been improved meaning people want to live there, businesses want to work there and tourists want to visit. This means money is constantly being made and re invested. £550 million has been invested in the New Street railway station.
Why is housing important to the CDB of Birmingham ?
People with jobs in the CDB need a place to live. Universities and collages are often in city centres so they need a place to stay.
Living near work saves money and time.
Explain three types of people and what they need when living in a city.
Young professionals my be single or love as a couple. A flat in the city centre near the nightlife and shops will suit them.
Families will want to live in larger housing in a quieter area on the outskirts. They want a close school.
Students and lower paid people need cheaper housing. A flat or a room in a larger shared house.
How has the housing problem been addressed in Birmingham?
The government funded Urban living scheme is one of nine scheme set up in the north east of England set up to redevelop housing. The terraced houses in south Lozells have been replaced with new housing. Older housing has been refurbished. In north Lozells that were individual bed sit flats have become larger family homes. The improved housing has meant more people want to live there.
What is urbanisation?
It is the growth of the proportion of a population living in urban areas.
How does urbanisation change from richer and poorer nations?
In richer nations most of the population live in cities. 80% in the UK.
In poorer nations urbanisation is acting faster as there are more people in rural areas who want to go urban.
In Bangladesh 25% of people live in urban areas.
Why do people in poorer nations go urban?
They may be a lack of services in the country. ( education, hospitals, access to water and power). They think there will be a better standard of living in the city’s.
There are more jobs. Industry is in urban areas as there is a larger workforce and better infrastructure.
Why do people in richer nations go urban?
During the agricultural and industrial revolutions, machinery meant less people were needed on farms and jobs were created in factories in urban areas.
In the late 20th century people left the urban areas as there were rundown but now re-development means people are going back.
What increase urbanisation other than people moving to urban areas?
Young people often move to urban areas and they have children. They is often better healthcare in urban areas as well this increases the proportion of people livingthere.
What can be found in the CBD?
It is usually found in the centre of a city. It is a commercial centre with many shops and offices. High land value means lots is skyscrapers. Lots of transport to get in here and few people live there.
What is in the inner city?
This is around the CBD. There is a mixture of poor quality housing and older industrial buildings. It is often run down and deprived but areas are cleared for redevelopment.
What is in the suburbs?
This is where the housing is cheaper meaning the middle class will live there. People will commute into the city from here and here is less crime and pollution meaning it is better for family’s.
What is in the rural urban fringe?
It is the border between the city and the country. The land is used for farming and industry and you will find larger cheaper housing.
How can land use differ from different cities?
Shopping centres have been built out of town.
Inner city tower blocks have been replaced with housing estates on the rural urban fringe.
New housing is being built on derelict land in the inner city.
Name four problems in urban areas.
A shortage of housing, run down CBDs, traffic congestion and pollution from cars, ethnic segregation.
How can housing problems be solved?
Urban renewal schemes, building new towns, have incentives for relocating.
Explain urban renewal schemes.
They encourage investment in new housing,services and employment in derelict areas of a city.
An example is the dockland development in Liverpool, where derelict docklands were turned into high quality housing.
Explain the building of new towns.
Brans new towns have been built to house people who can’t live in other cities. Milton Keynes was first built in 1970.
Explain relocation incentives.
This encourages people to move from urban areas to rural ones. A London council has encourages older people to move from big houses in the city to go to the seaside and countryside. They have volunteers to help with the move and they provide money.
Why are out of town shopping centres taking customers from ones in the city?
They are easier to drive to, and the rent is cheaper meaning more shops go there.
What has been done to try and revitalise CBDs?
Pedestrianising areas to make it safer and nicer for shopping.
Improving access with better public transport and car parks.
Converting derelict warehouses and docks into new shops, restaurants and museums.
Improving public areas like parks and squares to make them more attractive.
What are the issues that comes about in cities because of cars?
More air pollution which can damage health and buildings.
More road accidents.
More traffic jams and congestion.
What can be done to reduce the effects of traffic?
Improving public transport. This means people use less cars and this reduces all the problems.
Increasing the cost of parking a car. This means less people use cars and use public transport instead.
Bus lanes. This means buses are faster, meaning more people will use them meaning less congestion.
Perdestrianisation of central areas. This removes traffic from the main shopping streets, meaning less accidents and pollution meaning it is more attractive to shoppers.
How does ethnic segregation happen?
People want to live close to people with the same background, first language and faith.
People live close to services important to the culture, like places of worship.
People from the same ethnic background often have little money so are restricted in where they can live. This means they all live where they is cheaper housing.
How can the effects of ethnic segregation, be reduced?
Insure that everyone can access information about the services e.g. Printing leaflets in different languages.
Improving communication between all parts of the community be involving the leaders of ethnic leaders when making decisions.
Providing interpreters in places like police stations and hospitals.
Insuring the services are suitable. E.g. Some cultures say you must see a doctor of the same sex meaning alternatives are provided.
What are the effects of ethnic segregation?
It means certain people won’t have access to services like healthcare and education.
