Populations Flashcards
Give some examples of pull factors.
A better standard of living. More job opportunities, better healthcare, education.
They can spend money back to the family.
Give some examples of push factors.
Less job opportunities.
Poor living conditions. Poor housing, famine, disease, expensive poor health care.
War or a natural disaster.
How do people get from Poland to Britain?
In 2004 Poland joined the EU which England was a part of. More than half a million people came to England from Poland between 2004 and 2007.
They take a bus or plane.
What are the push factors for Poles to come here?(2004)
High unemployment. 19%.
Low average wages. On third of the average EU wage. The average wage is £8000 there £21500 here.
Housing shortages. 300 dwellings for 1000 people.
What are the pull factors for poles to come here?
Ease of migration. There was unlimited migration in 2004.
Good exchange rate. Sending back pounds will help family a lot because of the good exchange rate.
More jobs.
Better pay.
What are the negatives for the UK of Polish migration?
Pressure on services. 1000 people signed up for English classes. Strain on schools and health. Under cutting the UK workers. Money is sent out of the country. Tension in communites.
What were the positives of Polish migration for the UK?
They work for less. They in rich the culture. New polish shops with better food. They work harder. Only 1.5% of poles aren't working. They fill skills in gaps. Attendance at Catholic Churches went up. Under 35 mostly go here.
What are the positives for Poland with Poles coming here.
Money is sent back to Poland. This boots the economy. In 2006 £2.5 billion was sent back.
Unemployment goes down. Less people claiming benefits.
Strain off health.
What are the negatives for Poland with them coming here?
The population fell by 0.3%. The birth rate as the young are the ones who left.
Shortage of workers with is bad for the economy.
An ageing population. Gaps in skills.
Why are people migrating to the EU from Africa?
These are mainly refugees who are leaving wars in central and western countries. 2 million people were forced from their homes because of civil war in Sierra Leone from 1991 to 2002.
45,000 people Africans were turned away from Spain in 2001.
What is the impact on African countries when people move to Spain?
Families are split up when fleeing from war.
The working population is reduced so less people can contribute to the economy.
What are the impacts on Spain when Africans come?
Social tension between Spaniards and immigrants.
Gaps have been filled in the labour market.
The average wage for unskilled work has fallen as there is so much competition.
The birth rate has increased.
What are the positives for the source countries when people migrate?
Reduced demand on services like schools and hospitals.
Money is sent back to the source country.
What are the negatives for the source countries when people migrate?
Labour shortage. People of working age migrate.
Skills shortage. The highly educated can be the ones that move.
An ageing population. There is a high proportion of older people left.
What are the positives for the receiving countries when people migrate?
Increased labour force as it is the young ones that move.
Migrate worked pay taxes.
What are the negatives for the receiving countries when people migrate?
Locals and immigrants compete for jobs which can lead to tension and conflict.
An increased demand for services e.g. Hospitals and schools.
Lots of the money is sent outside the country.
What affects the population?
Birth rate and death rate. When the birth rate is higher than that of the death rate you have natural increase.
Natural decrease occurs when there are more people dying. Migration can also affect population.
Describe stage one of the demographic transistor model.
High and fluctuating birth and death rates. No population growth and a steady low population.
There is no use of contraception and people have lost of children as many die.
Poor healthcare means a high death rate. The population to made mostly of younger people.
Describe stage two of the demographic transistor model.
High birth rate as there is no use of contraception. Children are has to work on farms. Improved healthcare means a falling death rate. High population growth. Higher life expectancy but still more young people than old.
Describe stage three of the demographic transistor model.
Birth rate is rapidly falling due to the emancipation of women. They have a more equal place in society. Contraception is used more. Women work instead of having children.
The economy changes to manufacturing so less children are needed to work on farms.
Death rate falls because of medical advances.
High growth rate.
Describe stage four of the demographic transistor model.
Birth rate is low. People move to urban areas and the standard of living improves. Children aren’t put to work so they are move of an expense. This is also because they are encouraged to spend more on them.
Death rate is low and fluctuates.
The birth rate doesn’t change.
High life expectancy so even more people live to be old.
Describe stage five of the demographic transistor model.
The birth rate is falling slowly. There is less money to raise children because people are more dependant on elderly relatives.
Death rate is low and fluctuating.
The population is falling.
An ageing population.
What are the social effects of rapid population growth?
Services like healthcare and education can’t cope with the strain. Not everyone has access to them.
Children may miss education as they have to work to surrport the large family.
There aren’t enough houses so people live in overcrowded shanty towns. This causes health problems as houses aren’t always connected to the sewers.
There are food shortages.
What are the economic effects of rapid population growth?
Unemployment increases as they aren’t enough jobs.
There is an increase in poverty as people are born into poor family’s.