Urban Climate

Question 1

Rural

Answer 1

Cool bc no Ozone particulates reflecting the sun’s rays

Anthropogenic (human) heat is low bc low population density

Question 2

Suburban residential

Answer 2

Warmer bc buildings are more dense

More anthropogenic heat

Question 3

Commercial

Answer 3

Peroxyacetylnitrates contribute to photochemical smog which then alters

Question 4

CBD

Answer 4

Hottest part of the city
Buildings built with modern, insulating materials
Industry and dense population

Question 5

Park

Answer 5

Plants absorb suns energy not reflect so has a cooling effect

Question 6

Urban heat island

Answer 6

Inc convection = more showers and thunderstorms

Low pressure draws fog into the city and inc cloud cover

Question 7

Urban Wind

Answer 7

Air moves from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

Venturi effect - air forced through the urban canyon (constricted space) acts like a vacuum so speeds up.

different heights of buildings interrupt wind speed bc of surface friction and create turbulence.

Question 8

Temperature

Answer 8

Anthropogenic (human) heat
Height and arrangements of buildings (the closer they are the hotter it is)
Nature of building materials - insulated materials keep heat in
Presence of water - latent heat evaporates water but can not be felt or measured. Sensible heat is the heat after evaporation - can be felt and measured.
Presence of pollutants - photochemical fog encapsulates energy and stops it escaping but also does not allow energy in.

Question 9

Air pollution solutions

Answer 9

Urban greening - inc no. Of green spaces, giving buildings plants like creepers (reduces flood risk, cools area down also)

Zoning of industry - deliberate positioning of factories to minimise grouped combustion (Also prevents health issues)

Transport solutions - celebrity endorsements, lift sharing, carpool businesses

Clean air acts - regulate emissions

Question 10

Types of pollution

Answer 10

Carbon monoxide - poisonous, primarily from transport.

Nitrogen dioxide - reacts with hydrocarbons to form Ozone particulates, primarily from transport.

Particulate matter (PM) - solids/liquids suspended in the air, mainly from power stations

Sulphur dioxide - colourless, odours gas produced from coal and oil burning refineries, produces acid rain and damages airways.