Urban/City

Question 1

Lawless and Brown 1989

Answer 1

Population growth due to economic development and industrialisation

Question 2

What happened in 1920’s?

Answer 2

More mobile so increased rate of suburbanisation.

Question 3

Knox’s argument

Answer 3

Space is socially produced. Environment is linked with social organisation (Two way process)

Question 4

Architecture and buildings

Answer 4

Relationship with economics, politics and culture (Big tall buildings = Powerful)

Question 5

Olds 2004

Answer 5

Global cities are command points

Question 6

Dicken 1998

Answer 6

Internationalisation - extension of economic actives.

Globalisation - functional integration of such internationally dispersed activities

Question 7

Waters 1995

Answer 7

Globalisation of wide spread western culture

Question 8

What does Friedman link to Globalisation?

Answer 8

Socio-spatial polarisation process

Question 9

F.I.R.E

Answer 9

Finance, insurance, real estate

Question 10

5 five sectors of Global Cities s

Answer 10

1. Finance &; finance services

2. Support sector 3. International Tourism 4. Government services 5,Street economy

Question 11

Sassen 1991 Key Features of Global Cities

Answer 11

1. Command points in the world economy
2. Polarisation of Labour Markets (low wage vs high end)
3. Sites of production - especially innovation
4. Large market for products and innovations

Question 12

Capitalism

Answer 12

Capitalism never solves inequalities, just moves them around
Inequalities are built into the nature of capitalism

Question 13

Capital accumulation

Answer 13

Polarisation, rich able to reduce their tax

Question 14

Factors of Polarisation

Answer 14

No jobs for life
New types of jobs
Cuts in welfare spending 
Growth in service sector 
L.A polarised dystopia

Question 15

Urbanism Patchwork - McLeod and Ward 2002

Answer 15

Same place different experience, extreme wealth living along side extreme poverty

Question 16

Davis 1990

Answer 16

Gated communities closed from the public, eg. Beverly Hills

Homeless not seen as public

Question 17

Gentrification

Answer 17

More jobs so people moved from the rural areas to urban.

Question 18

Glass 1964

Answer 18

Removal of communities

Question 19

Zukin 1982

Answer 19

Loft living linked to the urban idyll of “friends” coffee shops, middle class

Question 20

Smith 1996

Answer 20

Influx of private capital to cities

Question 21

Place Led Philosophy - Rogers 1998

Answer 21

Places within the city should be attractive, functional and flexible

Question 22

CADE

Answer 22

Get away from the car, experiencing the city on foot and other transport (intimate)

Question 23

Harvey 1989

Answer 23

Shift from managerialism to entrepreneurialism

City promotes consumption

Question 24

Short et al 1993

Answer 24

Competition between coyotes to attract investment HOWEVER Loftman and Nevin 1996 evidence is unclear and

Question 25

City Marketing as a process

Answer 25

1. Selling the city 2. Imaging the city

3. Regenerating the city

Question 26

Haider 1992

Answer 26

“Place Wars”

Question 27

The first way 1945-79

Answer 27

100% employment
Social democracy
The Rights holding citizens

Question 28

The second way 1979-97

Answer 28

Lid dem and new right
Citizens as individuals
Freedom and ideas

Question 29

The third way 1997-?

Answer 29

Capital investment with global goals
New labour and conservative
The big society
Renew of social democracy

Question 30

UDC

Answer 30

Urban development corporations

Question 31

Prestwitch and Taylor 1990

Answer 31

Relaxed planning to allow private development

Question 32

Critic of UDC

Answer 32

Quick fix
Problems with accountability
Local residents - resistance, ignored

Question 33

Business improvement districts

Answer 33

Started in Canada
Private capital to urban areas
Revitalising cities
Adopted by the uk in 2004 - Wales recently (Swansea £100 for street cleaners etc) makes public area a private space, questions the notion of democracy

Question 34

Mallet 1994

Answer 34

BID is a response of the failure of the local governments

Question 35

Reason for 3.8 million homes by 2021

Answer 35

Changing in family structure and ageing population

Question 36

Complaints of new housing

Answer 36

Resistance of people already living there
Pressure to avoid green field development
Environment concerns
Demand for certain houses
Pressure of area - stigma and prejudice

Question 37

Themes of urban policies (2007 housing green paper, 2000 white paper)

Answer 37

People led design, idea of renaissance, community involvement, socially mixed, well connected, multi centred

Question 38

Yi-Fu-Tuan

Answer 38

Place is immediately lived rather than deliberately known (emotions, memories, experiences)

Question 39

Calvino 1972

Answer 39

Relationships of space (photos aren’t enough to experience the city)

Question 40

Jackson 1994

Answer 40

Sense of time an ritual creates a sense of place and community

Question 41

Lefebvre 1996

Answer 41

Rhythm of the city by walking and exploring on foot

Question 42

Movements of the city

Answer 42

Different times of year and day bring out different peoples

Question 43

Urban future

Answer 43

Time is being compressed and city being formulated and developed Graham and Marvin 2001

Question 44

Splintering urbanism

Answer 44

Urban layout, mobilities, boarder control

Question 45

Deluze and Guattari 1986

Answer 45

Town exists as a function of circulation and circuits

Question 46

Mobility of the urban

Answer 46

Flittered mobility due to tolls etc - wealthy can travel more
Refugees are hyper mobile