urban change Flashcards
how is Southampton changing?
- population is growing.
- becoming more ethnically diverse.
- more people are migrating in.
- plans to build a new, larger container port.
- plans to further redevelop city centre to improve recreational and entertainment facilities.
what are some examples of social opportunities in Southampton, created by urban change?
- West Quay shopping centre. over 100 stores, 3 storeys. attracts shoppers from whole region.
- Southampton Hospital leads the UK in cancer cures. Summer 2018 new Cancer Immunology Centre opens (£25 million).
- well connected to rest of UK - M3 and M27.
- entertainment: Mayflower theatre, Southampton FC and cinemas.
- much better public transport than surrounding areas.
- two universities: Southampton ranked 17th out of 130, 25,000 students. Solent ranked 96th, 12,000 students. people come from across country and world to go to these universities.
what are some examples of economic opportunities in Southampton, created by urban change?
- one of the lowest youth unemployment rates in the country.
- businesses and industries from all over country use the deep water port to transport goods to/from rest of world.
- Southampton airport employs 185 people. jobs available in many sectors, so unemployment is very low (1.5%).
what are some examples of environmental opportunities in Southampton, created by urban change?
- has over 50 parks and open spaces - one of the greenest cities in the UK. URBAN GREENING.
- Key Haven Nature Reserve - protected area. 800 hectares of mudflats provide habitat for migrating birds.
- geothermal energy (electricity produced from hot rocks under surface, doesn’t contribute to global warming) is used to power West Quay shopping centre.
what is urban deprivation?
people living at a standard below that of the majority of the city.
compare the environmental factors of Bevois to those of Bassett:
- 2% of Bevois is open green space.
- 43% of Bassett is open green space.
compare the social factors of Bevois to those of Bassett:
bevois:
- male life expectancy is 75.3 years. female is 81.8 years.
- 29% of children aged 10-11 are obese.
- average school attendance is 95%.
- 16% of adults have no education qualification.
- 33 people per 1,000 have heart disease.
- per 1,000 people, 187 crimes committed per year.
bassett:
- male life expectancy is 81.6 years. female is 84 years.
- 18% of children aged 10-11 are obese.
- average school attendance is 96.1%.
- 14% of adults have no education qualification.
- 24 people per 1,000 have heart disease.
- per 1,000 people, 53 crimes are committed per year.
compare the economic factors of Bevois to those of Bassett:
bevois:
- average house price is £192,250.
- 23% of people live in fuel poverty (can’t heat the house).
- 3.2% of working aged adults are unemployed.
- 29% of children live in low income families.
bassett:
- average house price is £262,500.
- 12% of people live in fuel poverty.
- 1% of working aged adults are unemployed.
- 15% of children live in low income families.
what are some environmental challenges in Southampton? give some statistics:
- in 2011, 6.3% of adult deaths were connected to air pollution.
- Southampton is one of the most polluted cities in the UK. it’s above the World Health Organisation’s safety levels. linked to the early deaths of about 40,000 people in the UK per year. causes heart and lung diseases, asthma.
what are some social challenges in Southampton?
- many people work in the retail sector, which is low paid and has few prospects.
- many people live in urban deprivation. this involves hardships and a lack of access to resources. places have visible inequalities in housing and economic opportunities mean the rich are living alongside the poor.
what are some social challenges in Southampton?
- inequalities exist in housing, education, employment and health.
- Bevois residents are suffering in urban deprivation compared to Bassett residents.
- Bevois children perform so badly at school they’re in the bottom 4% of the UK - difficult to get qualifications needed for a well-paid job in the future.
- more likely to be a victim of a crime in Bevois, is in the bottom 2% for crime.
- living environment in bottom 13% and there is only 16% open space.
what is urban dereliction and why is it a problem?
urban dereliction: abandoned buildings and wasteland.
empty, eyesore buildings don’t show the city off. people assume the city isn’t doing as well because the buildings are empty. empty sites are very large and difficult to redevelop.
what are brownfield sites and why are they a problem?
brownfield sites: urban land that has been used, abandoned and now awaits re-use.
not often favoured by developers as the cost of demolishing existing buildings can be very expensive. these sites therefore often sit derelict and become an eyesore.
- however, building on brownfield sites is better than building on green-field sites as they does not harm wildlife and the environment as much.
what are greenfield sites and why are they a problem if we build on them?
greenfield sites: a plot of land that has never been built on before.
building on these sites allows the city to spread and sprawl. damages plant and animal habitats and increases traffic congestion in the area (increases local pollution).
describe the problem of waste disposal:
- this is a big problem globally.
- if waste isn’t removed from the streets, vermin and diseases can spread.
- waste can be recycled, buried in landfill sites or incinerated.
- less than 30% of household waste is recycled or re-used, ranking it one of the worst in the country in 2016/17.
- much of the other waste is burnt at Marchwood Incinerator, adding to air pollution.
