Urban challeneges - Favelas/RIO Flashcards
Social challenges in Rio - HEALTHCARE
- Health services for women and the elderly were pooor in the west zone
- In some districts life expectancy for women is 45
- In 2013, only 55% of the city had access to a family health clinic
Social challenges in Rio - Education
-Only 50% continue their education after the age of 14
-Shortage of nearby schools due to a lack of funding and a shortage of teachers
-Only 70% of students from poor areas enrol in skl as they are needed for work + not enough skls and staff
Social challenges in Rio - Water supplies
-Faced worst drought in 80 years which led to water shortages. The santa Branca bay was declared empty.
-12% of Rio’s population did not have access to running water
-37% of water is lost due to leaking pipes, fraud and illegal access.
Social challenges in Rio - Energy
- Rapidly growing population and 2016 olympics put severe pressure on energy supplies
- pOOR residents get energy from illegal tapping into main supply
- blackouts frequent
Social opportunities/ SOLUTIONS HEALTHCARE
In the favela Santa Marta, mobile health workers took health kits to 8000 homes. 20 diseases were detected and treated - infant mort decreased and life expectancy increased
Economic challenges - Economic growth
- Huge wealth disparity - The richest 1% earn 12% of thr cities total income But income of the poorest 50% only accounts for 13%
- Commercial fishing has declined by 90% in the last 20 years
Economic challenges - Unemployment
3.5 million residents (1/3) work in the informal sector e.g street vendors and prostitution - often jobs paying less than £60 pounds a month
Brazil faced recession in 2015
Economic challenges - Crime
- Robbery and violent gang crime is highly present
-Streetgangs control drug traficking - many children drop out of skl to do this
-20 out of 1000 killed by gans in favelas
Environmental challenges - AIr pollution
- Severe smog caused by a build-up of vehicle fumes mixed with pllutants from factory chimenys
- Number of cars in Rio has increased by 40% in 10 years
- Air pollution causes 5000 deaths per year.
Environmental challenges - Water pollution
- Oil spills from Petrobas oil refinery has added to water pollution in Guanabara Bay
- 55 rivers flowing into Guanabara bay are polluted by open sewers running from the favelas. 200 tonnes of raw sewage pours into the bay each day
-Ships empty their fuel tanks into Guanabara bay as their aren’t enough facilities to dispose furl
Environmental challenges - Waste pollution
- Favelas are built on steep slopes making access to waste collection difficult. Most waste is dumped, polluting water systems causing cholera
-Rats are attracted to the huge amount of waste dumped
- Guanabara bay is highly polluted causing a maajor threat to wildlife
Otheer environmental problems
- 900 people died due mudslides
- When it rains homes run risk of collapsing
Opportunities in RIO
- Rio produces 6% of all employment in Brazil and has ne of the highest incomes per person
- Formal employment includes tourism , retail, ports and mananufacturing of steel
3.Oil has recently been discovered on the coast and will rpovide jobs in all retail industries e.g petrochemicals a
- Second most important city after Sao paulo
Social opportunities/ SOLUTIONS EDUCATION
- Encouraging volunteers to work in skls and giving children grants to cover skl costs and the cost of them not being able to work
- Free sports lessons available
- Private free university in Rochina
Social solutions/ Water
- Improving the quality and quantity of water.
- 300km pipeline was built meaning 95% of favelas had access to clean water
