Urban challeneges - Favelas/RIO Flashcards
Social challenges in Rio - HEALTHCARE
- Health services for women and the elderly were pooor in the west zone
- In some districts life expectancy for women is 45
- In 2013, only 55% of the city had access to a family health clinic
Social challenges in Rio - Education
-Only 50% continue their education after the age of 14
-Shortage of nearby schools due to a lack of funding and a shortage of teachers
-Only 70% of students from poor areas enrol in skl as they are needed for work + not enough skls and staff
Social challenges in Rio - Water supplies
-Faced worst drought in 80 years which led to water shortages. The santa Branca bay was declared empty.
-12% of Rio’s population did not have access to running water
-37% of water is lost due to leaking pipes, fraud and illegal access.
Social challenges in Rio - Energy
- Rapidly growing population and 2016 olympics put severe pressure on energy supplies
- pOOR residents get energy from illegal tapping into main supply
- blackouts frequent
Social opportunities/ SOLUTIONS HEALTHCARE
In the favela Santa Marta, mobile health workers took health kits to 8000 homes. 20 diseases were detected and treated - infant mort decreased and life expectancy increased
Economic challenges - Economic growth
- Huge wealth disparity - The richest 1% earn 12% of thr cities total income But income of the poorest 50% only accounts for 13%
- Commercial fishing has declined by 90% in the last 20 years
Economic challenges - Unemployment
3.5 million residents (1/3) work in the informal sector e.g street vendors and prostitution - often jobs paying less than £60 pounds a month
Brazil faced recession in 2015
Economic challenges - Crime
- Robbery and violent gang crime is highly present
-Streetgangs control drug traficking - many children drop out of skl to do this
-20 out of 1000 killed by gans in favelas
Environmental challenges - AIr pollution
- Severe smog caused by a build-up of vehicle fumes mixed with pllutants from factory chimenys
- Number of cars in Rio has increased by 40% in 10 years
- Air pollution causes 5000 deaths per year.
Environmental challenges - Water pollution
- Oil spills from Petrobas oil refinery has added to water pollution in Guanabara Bay
- 55 rivers flowing into Guanabara bay are polluted by open sewers running from the favelas. 200 tonnes of raw sewage pours into the bay each day
-Ships empty their fuel tanks into Guanabara bay as their aren’t enough facilities to dispose furl
Environmental challenges - Waste pollution
- Favelas are built on steep slopes making access to waste collection difficult. Most waste is dumped, polluting water systems causing cholera
-Rats are attracted to the huge amount of waste dumped
- Guanabara bay is highly polluted causing a maajor threat to wildlife
Otheer environmental problems
- 900 people died due mudslides
- When it rains homes run risk of collapsing
Opportunities in RIO
- Rio produces 6% of all employment in Brazil and has ne of the highest incomes per person
- Formal employment includes tourism , retail, ports and mananufacturing of steel
3.Oil has recently been discovered on the coast and will rpovide jobs in all retail industries e.g petrochemicals a
- Second most important city after Sao paulo
Social opportunities/ SOLUTIONS EDUCATION
- Encouraging volunteers to work in skls and giving children grants to cover skl costs and the cost of them not being able to work
- Free sports lessons available
- Private free university in Rochina
Social solutions/ Water
- Improving the quality and quantity of water.
- 300km pipeline was built meaning 95% of favelas had access to clean water
Social opportunities/ SOLUTIONS HEALTHCARE
-60km new powerline built and a new nuclear generator in rio
-hydroelectric power - which increased the electricity supply in Rio by 30%
Economic solutions
- Schools tomorrow programme aims to improve education for yuths in por and violent areads
-Courses in practical skills allow people to find work in faelas
-Adult education courses for those who had to leave education for work
-Free childcare for teenage mums wishing to return to education
Social solutions to crime
Pacifying police units have taken back control of favelas leading to adecrease in murder, kidnapping and theft (30 favelas)
Enviornmental solutions
- Expansion of metro system near guanabara bay
- Making coast roads one way, to ease traffic
-Overseas aid has been used to reduce waste being dumped into the sea
-12 new sewers built
-Ships now fined for disposing fuel in bay illegally
- 5km new sewage pipelines
-Rotting rubbish is now used for biogas at the new powerstation near the uni of rio. It consumes 30 tonnes of rubbish a day and powers 1000 favelas
Favela Bairro Project - Water supplies improvement (SOCIAL + ECONOMIC)
The Favela Bairro project has helped to install water supply and closed draining systems in favelas e.g Rocinha.
Leads to better sanitation results in the risk of diseases e.g cholera being reduced.
- a social improvement.
-means they are not in hospital receiving expensive treatment, this is an economic factor
FBP - Transport imporvement (ECONOMIC)
The Favela Bairro project has improved mobility and transport for those living in favelas. For example, in Rochina, residents were given access to the cable car with one return ticket per day. This means that residents of Rochina have a direct link to Ipanema that is paid for by the local government so they have easy access to work and jobs in Ipanema.
more highly paid and in the tertiary sector as Ipanema is very popular with tourists. Improves their quality of life
FBP - Improvement of homes
effective site and service scheme, where the local authority provides land + materials for residents to build homes. For example, the government have provided the materials needed to construct permanent accommodation and the residents work together to provide labour. This improves the quality of life as the buildings are of better quality, reducing the risk of injuries and illness from damp and lack of sanitation.
the money saved (due to local residents providing labour) can be spent on the installation of running electricity and tap water. A successful example of this is Complex de Alemao, where 6000 new houses were built
