Urban Flashcards
Features of a CBD
- Many churches and historical buildings
- Lots of entertainment
- Hotels and tourist facilities
- Where main roads meet
- Tall office blocks
- multi storey car parks
Inner city features
- Old factories, docks and warehouses
- Grid iron street pattern
- Straight rows of tenement housing (19th century)
- Few gardens or very small gardens
- Low order (cheap) shops and services
- 3-4 storey housing and tall factories
- High rise flats
Suburbs features
- Parks and golf courses
- Large gardens and parks
- Low density of building
- Close to motorways and main roads
Green belt features
- Lots of open space with many farms and forestry
- Some developments such as business parks , motorways and shopping
- Little housing
The concentric zone model
This model is based on the idea that land values (the amount of money the land costs) are highest in the centre of a town or city.
The further you go out the circle, the less expensive it is. It is more sparsely populated and there is more space.
The fours sections of the CZM are: CBD (Central Business District) Inner City (Old Housing and Industry) Suburbs (New Housing and New industry) Green belt (open land)
Problems of living in the Gorbals
- Smoke form factories causes pollution
- There are no parks or gardens
- Bad sanitation
- Poor place to live
- People can catch disease
- Poorly built houses
The Gorbals
- Have high storey flats
- Lots of factories, industrial buildings
- Lots of tenement housing next to factories
- Grid iron street pattern
- Good sense of community
- People are sad and fed up
Inner City Glasgow
- Had access to nearby raw materials such as coal, iron ore and limestone
- growth of heavy industry (steel, iron works, ship building)
- Good transport links
Solutions to problems in the Gorbals
- High rise flats
- Improved housing (New 2 storey tenements built)
- Improved services (New library, health centre and leisure centre)
- Some high rise flats pulled down
- Houses now have private gardens and parks
- New industrial estate with hotels, colleges and other services
Problems with high rise flats
- Poorly built, quickly began to degrade
- Suffered from damp
- Many have now been demolished
- No green areas, play parks or amenities such as shops
Positive changes to Glasgow’s CBD
- Indoor shopping centres e.g. St Enoch
- Renovation of water front
- Pedestrian areas
- Specialist shops
- Entertainment (Xmas market)
- Focus on tourism (More hotels etc.)
- Renovate transport stations: More links further away
Negative changes to Glasgow’s CBD
- High rent and competition lead to shops closing
- Low order shops take over empty buildings
- Buildings knocked down leaving unattractive empty space
Positives of out of town shopping centres
- Easy access (beside motorways, train stations and have free parking)
- Rent is much lower than CBD. Less congestion when traveling there and in there.
- Many indoor centres so protected from bad weather
- Popularity of mixed retail and entertainment (shops, restaurants, cinemas)
- Room for expansion if the shops or park as a while is successful
Negative of out of town shopping centres
- Destroys countryside/ farmland which is usually in green belt
- Difficult to access for people who have low income
- Traffic congestion on access roads on busy days
- The government had now stopped giving permission for many new proposal developments to protect city and town centres.
- CBD closures means that people on low incomes lose services and suffer most
Rural push factors
- Poor water supply
- Low standard of living
- Drought has led to famine so little food available
- Far from hospitals and doctors
- Not a lot of jobs
- Poor education
- Activities sometimes restricted due to religion or gender
Rural pull factors
- Medical care easily accessible
- Reliable water supply
- Food can be bought in shops
- Lots of entertainment facilities
- Better standard of living
- Jobs in industry are higher paid
- Less restrictions due to gender and religion
- Better education
Shanty towns
High levels of disease Crime Poor housing Overcrowding Not many jobs No rubbish collection Lack of services
Squatter camps
More sustainable housing Some drainage High levels of disease Some jobs Some amenities (public toilets) Small businesses start to form
Transport issues in developing countries
There are at lest 8 million commuters a day
Roads are congested, transport is overcrowded
Transport systems are old
Developments are aimed to benefit industry not people
Poor infrastructure
Illegal housing
Solutions to transport issues
Improve roads (new links) Improve railways More buses Speed up road traffic Build new town on mainland to reduce the number of people travelling in to the CBD
Slum clearance
Local authorities want to bulldoze slums and re house residents
Poorest families get free housing
Demolition crews get met with protests from locals
Not all families qualify for free housing
Slum redevelopment
Amenities improves within slums (toilets, running water, rubbish collection)
Locals will be given loans to improve their homes
People with business in Dharavi won’t agree unless they get same amount of space
Many people don’t trust the developers
Lots of projects not carried out in the interest of the dwellers
