Population Flashcards
What are population pyramids used for?
Population pyramids are often used as a way of comparing the population of different countries.
Males on left
Females on right
Population on bottom (x axis)
Age going up (y axis)
Developing countries have more of a pyramid shape.
Developed countries have more of a round shape.
Reasons for rising birth rate
- Children die young so couples have more in the hope that some will survive
- Religious beliefs encourage large families
- Children can bring in money by working
- Little or no family planning knowledge
Reasons for falling birth rate
- The cost of raising a family has increased
- Great desire for material possessions rather than families
- Women have equal access to education
- Better family planning information
Reasons for rising death rate
- Poor sanitation and lack of clean drinking water
- High levels of war
- Poor working conditions that make people ill
- Disease e.g. Malaria, HIV/AIDS
Reasons for falling death rate
- Better nutrition
- Improvements in water and sanitation
- Better healthcare: advances in medicine e.g. Vaccinations against diseases.
- Better care for elderly e.g. Pension schemes (more money for elderly to take care of themselves
HUG
H-Highlight command word
U-Underline key words
G-Gaze at the question
Social development indicators
Health-Number of people per doctor
Life expectancy
Education-Percentages of adults who are literate
Food/Nutrition-Number of calories consumed per person per day
Death rate
Birth rate
Infant mortality rate- per 1000 before the age of 1
Economic development indicators
Gross National Product (GNP) per person which is the value of goods produced in a country divided by the total population.
Average income per person per year (in US dollars).
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per person which is the value of goods and services in a country divided by the total population.
Population distribution
Population distribution is the location of people across the world i.e. where people live.
GPD-Global Population Distribution
Physical factors influencing GPD
Climate Relief (How flat or steep the land is) Soils (Soil quality for farming) Natural resources Availability of water
Human factors influencing GPD
Job opportunities
Transport and communications
Government Aid
Services (Education, healthcare, entertainment)
Technology (Advanced in farming, developments in construction).
Migration
Population density
Population density is the amount of people in one place.
Crowded areas have a high population density and are said to be densely populated.
Other areas have a low population density and are said to be sparsely populated.
Demographic Transition Model
The model shows the relationship between birth rates and death rates.
It is split up into 4 stages
All countries pass through the model
It shows us birth rates, death rates and the total population.
It shows the changes who brake place over time.
DTM stages 1,2 and 3
Stage 1- High birth rates because of high infant mortality.
High death rate due to disease and plague, famine
Stage 2- Birth rates high due to big families being traditional.
Death rates falling due to improved sanitation and clean water.
Ethiopia is at this stage.
Stage 3- Birth rate falling due to realisation that babies cost a lot.
Death rates falling at a slow rate due to better diets.
Kenya is in this stage.
DTM stages 4 and 5
Stage 4- Birth rates low due to women wanting a career first.
Death rates low due to medical advances.
The UK is in this stage.
Stage 5- Birth rates very low due to small families being preferred.
Death rates very low due to better quality of life.
Japan and Germany are in this stage.
