Urban

Question 1

Zones of Edinburgh

Answer 1

• CBD - grid iron street pattern, main roads lead there
• inner city - gisp, beside CBD
• inner suburbs - large detached housing, open space, access to CBD
• edge of city - council estates, cul-de-sacs, suburban housing
• commuter belts - small villages separated from city by greenbelt

Question 2

developed city housing changes

leith

Answer 2

• new executive housing built - platinum point
• more affordable housing built - port of leith housing association
• conversion of warehouses into flats - the cooperage
• general improvement of leith (tourism, retail, hotels etc. - RYB, ocean terminal

Question 3

developed city housing changes

westerhailes

Answer 3

• modernisation of existing homes - calders
• changing the housing tenure - 96% -> 56% social housing
• extensive landscaping - westerhailes drive
• new facilities - westside plaza
• community housing association - prospect community housing

Question 4

developed city housing changes

need for management

Answer 4

leith
- old industry disappeared leaving few jobs
- derelict gap sites made area undesireable

westerhailes
- flats poorly built and damp inside
- high unemployment
- social problems e.g. poverty, crime, drug abuse, teenage pregnancy

Question 5

developed city traffic problems

solutions in edinburgh

Answer 5

• encourage use of public transport - lothian buses (CBD)
• improved rail links - borders railway (both)
• parking restrictions - stockbridge (CBD
• city bypass - A720 (both)
• multi-storey car parks - omni centre (CBD)
• pedestrianised streets - cockburn st, victoria st (CBD)
• park and ride - sherrifhall, bus (both)
• building new roads (edge)
• queensferry crossing

Question 6

developing city housing changes

solutions for shanty towns in mumbai

Answer 6

• slum rehabilitation - provides better living conditions
• tarred pathways and roads - blocks sewers and allows bin lorries into areas
• encouraging cooprative loans - allows purchase of services like toilets
• dharavi redevolpment project - high rise appartments with basic needs to allow rehoming
• self help schemes (SPARC) - providing basic foundations for housing and other materials to make housing safer
• slum clearance - bulldozing the area
• navi mumbai - new area with jobs, education etc.

Question 7

developing city traffic problems

solutions in mumbai

Answer 7

• MUTP - improved railways, road links, traffic cameras, eco buses
• bandra-worli sea link - bride connecting two areas which reduces journey time and congestion
• skywalks - above ground pedestrian bridges to take people off roads
• monorail - above ground railway which is non-polluting
• mumbai metro rapid transit system - more public transport
• car pooling (blabla car) - app to link journeys with people going to same place

must expand on all points

Question 8

developing city housing changes

effectiveness if strategies in mumbai

Answer 8

• slum rehabilitation - shanty towns are building up constantly and authorities cannot keep up with the demand
• paths and roads - successful in improving hygiene but streets are too narrow to allow bin lorries through
• cooprative loans - this works as people are happy to work together
• dharavi redevelopment project - flats cause isolation and sense of community lost
• self help schemes - allows residents to have varied housing style whilst increases structural integrity of homes
• slum clearance - the problem just moves elswhere
• navi mumbai - many residents and companies have moved there but lack of finding means less housing was built than planned and the jobs available are not for unskilled workers

Question 9

developing city traffic problems

effectiveness of strategies in mumbai

Answer 9

• MUTP - many people had to be relocated to build railways and people walk on tracks; more people using railway means less cars; trains are overcrowded so people hanging on outside often fall and die; cameras imrove traffic flow as road incidents can be dealt with fast
• bandra-worli sea link - due to cost of using bridge people use other free roads; capacity is restricted due to bottleneck at worli end due to merging lanes
• skywalks - 500,000 people use per day
• monorail - less land had to be cleared as it is above ground; doesnt go into the CBD so inconvenient as people have to change transport
• car pooling - people not keen to travel with strangers; government banned non transport vehicles like bikes as this was dangerous to share which reduced usage
• MTHL - cuts traffic from other roads which eases congestion by using a more direct route
• navi mumbai - more than a million people live there now which eases pressure on CBD