UR Biology Revision Questions

Question 1

What is the difference between breathing and respiration?

Answer 1

Breathing is exchange of gases, Respiration reaction in cells to release energy

Question 2

Write out the equation for respiration

Answer 2

Glucose + oxygen _ carbon dioxide + water + energy

Question 3

What part of the air do we take into our blood and why?

Answer 3

Oxygen - needed for respiration in cells, carried by red blood cells (haemoglobin)

Question 4

What do we breathe out that is a waste product from respiration?

Answer 4

Carbon Dioxide (dissolved in plasma in blood)

Question 5

Where does this our waste product in respiration come from?

Answer 5

Respiration in cells, waste product

Question 6

What carries the oxygen in our blood?

Answer 6

Haemoglobin in red blood cells

Question 7

How are red blood cells specially adapted to carry out their function?

Answer 7

They have no nucleus and therefore extra space to carry the oxygen

Question 8

What is the function of white blood cells in our body?

Answer 8

To fight disease -two types Lymphocytes to make antibodies, and phagocytes to digest germs

Question 9

What vessels carry blood away from the heart?

Answer 9

Arteries

Question 10

What vessels carry the blood back to our heart?

Answer 10

Veins

Question 11

What is the name of the vessel that has thin walls, which helps food, oxygen and waste pass through to neighbouring cells

Answer 11

Capillaries

Question 12

What are the nutrients required for a balanced diet?

Answer 12

Carbohydrates, Fat, Protein, Vitamins, Minerals, Fibre, Water

Question 13

Where does the digestion start in our bodies?

Answer 13

Mouth

Question 14

Why is it dangerous to eat too much saturated fat in our diet?

Answer 14

Can lead to deposits of fat in our blood vessels, which can cause heart attacks; leads to obesity

Question 15

Why do we need to chew our food?

Answer 15

To mix it with saliva to make it easier to swallow and to make it smaller to ease digestion

Question 16

What breaks down food molecules in our alimentary canal?

Answer 16

Enzymes

Question 17

Why do foods need to be broken down (digested) in our alimentary canal?

Answer 17

So that they are soluble and smali enough to dissolve into the blood stream

Question 18

What do carbohydrates give us in our bodies?

Answer 18

Glucose - needed for energy

Question 19

What do proteins give us in our bodies?

Answer 19

Amino acids - needed for growth, repair of cells

Question 20

What do fats give us in our bodies?

Answer 20

Fatty acids & glycerol - energy & insuiation of cells

Question 21

Why is our stomach pH (two reasons)?

Answer 21

Acidic to kill bacteria, and help digestion of protein

Question 22

Why is the small intestine so good at absorbing food ( reasons)?

Answer 22

Long so very large surface area, thin lining for food to pass through, a good blood supply

Question 23

What do our kidneys do in our body?

Answer 23

Remove waste chemicals from the blood, urea

Question 24

What does a lack of Vit C cause?

Answer 24

Scurvy

Question 25

What type of food will fix the disease from lack of Vit C?

Answer 25

Citrus fruits, watercress

Question 26

What does the lack of Calcium cause?

Answer 26

Rickets

Question 27

What type of food will fix the disease from lack of calcium?

Answer 27

Fish, Dairy products

Question 28

Exp: What is the test for starch?

Answer 28

Brown iodine solution _ blue/black

Question 29

What is meant by egestion?

Answer 29

Getting rid of solid waste products from digestion

Question 30

What is meant by excretion?

Answer 30

Getting rid of waste chemicals from reaction in cells

Question 31

What is the test for CO, and how do you know if CO, is present?

Answer 31

Limewater goes from clear to cloudy

Question 32

What are the three main functions of the skeleton?

Answer 32

Support, movement and protection

Question 33

What do antagonistic muscles mean?

Answer 33

Muscles that work in pairs, but in opposite direction

Question 34

What is a ligament?

Answer 34

Tissue which attaches bones together

Question 35

SWhat is a tendon?

Answer 35

Tissue which attaches muscles to bones

Question 36

Where does fertilisation occur in a human?

Answer 36

Oviduct

Question 37

Where does pollination occur on a plant?

Answer 37

Stigma

Question 38

Where does fertilisation occur in a plant?

Answer 38

Ovary

Question 39

What is the function of the flower on a plant?

Answer 39

Reproduction

Question 40

Why do plant seeds have to be dispersed?

Answer 40

To improve the chances of survival for the plant

Question 41

Name the types of seed dispersal?

Answer 41

Animal, wind, water, explosion (self dispersal)

Question 42

Explain pollination

Answer 42

Transfer of pollen from anther to stigma

Question 43

Explain fertilisation

Answer 43

The fusing of male & female sex cells (gametes)

Question 44

Explain how the fruit is formed

Answer 44

The ovary swells

Question 45

What are the three conditions needed for germination?

Answer 45

Warmth (favourable temperature), oxygen and water (WOW)

Question 46

Where is sperm deposited if fertilisation is to occur in humans?

Answer 46

Vagina

Question 47

Where are sperm produced in male humans?

Answer 47

Testes

Question 48

Where are eggs produced in female humans?

Answer 48

Ovaries

Question 49

After fertilisation occurs in a plant what is the ovule & pollen called?

Answer 49

Zygote

Question 50

What does zygote develop into?

Answer 50

Seed

Question 51

What does the ovary develop into?

Answer 51

Fruit

Question 52

Why has the egg have a yolk in humans?

Answer 52

To provide the developing zygote with food source

Question 53

What is the fertilised egg called after fertilisation?

Answer 53

Zygote

Question 54

What is the developing baby nourished by?

Answer 54

Placenta

Question 55

What are the two main substances transferred from the mother to the foetus?

Answer 55

Oxygen and Food

Question 56

What are the two main substances that are transferred from the foetus to the mother?

Answer 56

Carbon Dioxide and Urea

Question 57

What are the three harmful substances in smoking?

Answer 57

Nicotine, Carbon Monoxide and Tar

Question 58

What are three diseases that smoking can cause?

Answer 58

Lung cancer, emphysema, bronchitis

Question 59

Name one bacterial disease and one caused by a virus

Answer 59

Bacteria - salmonella, pneumonia, tuberculosis / Virus - chicken pox, flu, AIDS, measles

Question 60

What are the four factors that affect photosynthesis?

Answer 60

Sunlight, temperature, water and Carbon dioxide

Question 61

Write the word equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 61

Carbon Dioxide + water _ glucose + oxygen (sunlight and Chlorophyll over the arrow)

Question 62

Exp: Explain how we could test a leaf to see if contains starch?

Answer 62

Boil in water (soften cuticle), place in hot ethanol (to remove chlorophyll), rinse, use iodine solution

Question 63

Exp: Describe an experiment where we showed that oxygen is produced in photosynthesis

Answer 63

Using pondweed - by placing upturned funnel and test tube to collect gas - relights glowing splint

Question 64

Exp: How did we show that by increasing light intensity we increased the rate of photosynthesis

Answer 64

Counting the bubbles produced by pondweed as light was moved closer the rate increased

Question 65

What is the function of chloroplasts - where will you find most of them in a plant?

Answer 65

Contain chlorophyll to trap sunlight for photosynthesis, mainly in palisade cells in top layer of leaf

Question 66

What are the functions of leaves?

Answer 66

To absorb sunlight for photosynthesis & gas exchange

Question 67

What are the functions of stems?

Answer 67

To support leaves, provide structure

Question 68

What are the functions of roots?

Answer 68

To absorb water & minerals and anchor plant

Question 69

What are the functions of root hair?

Answer 69

To increase surface area of root to absorb water

Question 70

What are the three minerals needed for growth of plants?

Answer 70

Nitrogen, Potassium, and Phosphates

Question 71

How does Carbon get from the air into animal cells?

Answer 71

By plants photosynthesising, animals eating plants and digestion of food into blood stream - Carbon Cycle

Question 72

How does nitrogen get into the soil?

Answer 72

Decomposition of dead and decaying organisms

Question 73

What is pollution?

Answer 73

Carbon dioxide adding to global warming, CFe's reducing Ozone layer Sulphur dioxide leading to acid rain

Question 74

What is meant by environmental variation?

Answer 74

Variation in organisms that is affected by how thing live, eat, schooling etceg, weight

Question 75

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 75

To control the production of proteins in the cell and control the function of the cellDetermines characteristics as contains genes

Question 76

What is a chromosome?

Answer 76

Inside a nucleus there are pairs of chromosomes made of strands of DNA ( pairs in humans)

Question 77

What does a chromosome do?

Answer 77

Carry genes which determine our characteristics

Question 78

Where do you find chromosomes?

Answer 78

In pairs inside the nucleus of each cell (except gametes -sex cells only contain half genetic info)

Question 79

How many chromosomes does a human have?

Answer 79

pairs or

Question 80

How many chromosomes does an egg & sperm have and why?

Answer 80

single chromosomes, so that when fertilisation occurs the new cell has a complete set

Question 81

What is a gene?

Answer 81

Genes are made up of DNA and carry genetic information, they are like beads on a necklace

Question 82

Name the five kingdoms

Answer 82

Animal, Plant, Bacteria (MoneransJ, Fungi & Single celled organisms (Protists)

Question 83

Name the five vertebrate (chordate) phylums & diagnostic features for each phylumThink of body temp, skin covering, breathing, fertilisation, eggs, care of young

Answer 83

Mammal - fur & give birth to live young (feed milk) / Bird - feathers, lay hard shelled eggs / Fish _ gills, soft scales, soft eggs in water / Amphibian - slimly damp skin, soft eggs in water Reptile -hard scales, leathery eggs on land

Question 84

What is the difference between arachnids & insects?

Answer 84

Insect - pairs legs, body parts, wings, antennae / Arachnid - pairs legs, body parts, no wings, no antennae

Question 85

Drawa food chain(Remember direction of arrows and start with a producerl)

Answer 85

Seeds _ mouse _ owl

Question 86

Explain how you would set up a microscope to look at a specimen already prepared for you(Use bullet point to write a method!)

Answer 86

Mirror in correct place, place slide on stage & clip into placePut onto lowest magnification, wind focus down to lowest and focus upwards (so as not to damage slide) use coarse focus first and then fine focusChange objective lens to increase magnification

Question 87

How would you prepare a specimen to look at under a microscope?

Answer 87

Take a thin piece of onion skin, place flat on clean slide, stain with iodine solution and place cover slip over the top (ensure no air bubbles) For human or other cells use methylene blue as the stain

Question 88

How are ciliated epithelial cells adapted to carry out their job in the lining of the windpipe?

Answer 88

They have small hairs which have a coating of mucus which traps germs and then beat in a rhythm to pass the mucus up & out of windpipe