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renal anatomy > upper urinary tract - learn > Flashcards

upper urinary tract - learn Flashcards

1
Q

List the components and function of the upper UT

A

Right and left kidneys (produce urine)

Right and left ureters (drain urine)

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2
Q

List the components and function of the lower UT

A

Bladder (stores/ voids urine)

Urethra (excretion of urine)

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3
Q

Which parts of the urinary tract are contained within the abdomen?

A

Kidneys

Proximal ureters

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4
Q

Which parts of the urinary tract are contained within the pelvis?

A

Distal ureters
Bladder
Proximal urethra

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5
Q

Which parts of the urinary tract are contained within the perineum?

A

Distal urethra

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6
Q

List the component of the renal hilum

A

Renal artery
Renal vein (anterior to artery)
Ureter

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7
Q

The kidneys are anterior to…

A

Quadratus lumboram
Back muscles
Floating ribs (11+12)

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8
Q

The kidneys are posterior to…

A 
Visceral peritoneum
Paranephric fat
Renal (deep) fascia
Perinephric fat
Renal capsule
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9
Q

The kidneys are medial to…

A

Abdominal wall muscles (external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominus)

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10
Q

The kidneys are lateral to…

A

Psoas major

Lower thoracic/ upper lumbar vertebrae

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11
Q

Give the vertebral levels of the right and left kidneys respecively

A

L1-L3 (more inferior due to size of liver)

T12-L2

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12
Q

The kidney moves _____ on inspiration and _____ on expiration due to its attachment to the diaphragm

A

Inferior

Superior

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13
Q

The right kidney exists posteriorly to which major organ?

A

Liver

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14
Q

The left kidney exists posteriorly to which major organ?

A

Stomach

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15
Q

Outline the blood supply and venous drainage of the kidney

A

Renal veins (anterior to artery)
Renal arteries
Common iliac arteries (anterior to vein)
Common iliac veins

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16
Q

Why is the left renal vein longer than the right renal vein?

A

It passes anterior to aorta to drain into the IVC

17
Q

State the lymphatic drainage for the kidneys

A

Lumbar nodes

18
Q

Outline the blood supply to the ureters

A 
Renal artery
Abdominal aorta
Common iliac artery
Internal iliac artery
Vesicular artery
19
Q

State the lymphatic drainage for the ureters

A

Lumbar nodes

Iliac nodes

20
Q

An infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm involves the renal arteries. True/ False?

A

False

The proximal renal artery is occluded in suprarenal aneurysm

21
Q

List common anatomical variants of the kidney

A 
Bifurcated renal pelvis
Bifurd/ duplicated ureters
Retrocaval ureter (behind IVC)
No seperation
Ectopic kidney
Solitary kidney
22
Q

Outline the basic structure of the kidney from outer to inner layer

A 
Renal capsule
Renal cortex
Renal medulla
--> Renal pyramids
--> Nephrons
23
Q

Nephrons are contained within what structure of the kidney?

A

Renal pyramids

24
Q

Outline the structure of the nephron in order of blood flow

A

~~~
Glomerulus
Proximal convulated tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convulated tubule
Collecting duct

25
Q

What is the function of the glomerulus?

A

Ultrafiltration of blood from renal artery branches

26
Q

Outline the collecting duct system in order of urine flow

A

Minor calyx
Major calyx
Renal pelvis
Ureter

27
Q

The structures of the collecting duct system increase/decrease in diameter until pelviureteric junction.

A

Increase

28
Q

List anatomical sites of ureteric constriction

A

Pelviureteric junction
Ureter crosses anterior aspect of common iliac artery
Ureteric orifice

29
Q

State the two types of ureteric obstruction and give examples

A

INTERNAL: impacted renal calculi from urine calcium salts, blood clot
EXTERNAL: expanding mass e.g. tumour

30
Q

Describe the response of the ureter in obstruction

A

Increase in peristalsis proximal to obstruction to try remove it - comes in waves causing colicky pain

31
Q

List the consequence of ureteric obstruction

A

Urine production continues until UT pressure > pressure favouring filtration at glomerulus –> RENAL FAILURE

32
Q

What is renal failure?

A

Failure to adequately filter blood into urine

33
Q

What is hydronephrosis?

A

Water inside kidney

34
Q

What is the pathogenesis of hydronephrosis?

A

Urine back pressure into calyces compresses nephrons in medullary pyramids causing renal failure

renal anatomy (6 decks)

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