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renal anatomy > lower urinary tract and male reproductive organs - learn > Flashcards

lower urinary tract and male reproductive organs - learn Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the route taken by the ureters to the bladder

A

Retroperitoneum –> False pelvis –> True pelvis

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2
Q

State the boundaries of the false pelvis

A

Iliac crests - pelvic inlet

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3
Q

State the boundaries of the true pelvis

A

Pelvic inlet - pelvic floor

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4
Q

State the name of the main pelvic floor muscle

A

Levator ani

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5
Q

The pelvic floor is the boundary between which two structures?

A

Urethra (part of pelvic cavity)

Perineum (pelvic floor to skin)

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6
Q

Outline the route taken by the ureters to the bladder

A

Pass anterior to common iliac vessels

  • -> Pelvis
  • -> At ischial spine turn medially
  • -> Posterior bladder and turn INFEROMEDIALLY
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7
Q

Why do the ureters turn inferomedially before entering the bladder?

A

Prevent reflux of urine to the ureters when bladder contracts

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8
Q

List the pouch(es) present in the male peritoneal cavity

A

Rectovesical pouch

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9
Q

List the pouch(es) present in the female peritoneal cavity

A

Pouch of douglas (rectouterine)

Vesicouterine pouch

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10
Q

What is the function of the round ligament in females?

A

Attaches uterus to perineum via inguinal canal

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11
Q

Which anatomical arrangement is important in hysterectomy?

A

The ureters are present inferior to the uterine tubes and artery so the uterine artery can be ligated

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12
Q

Arteries entering the pelvis drain into…

A

Internal iliac artery

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13
Q

Veins draining the pelvis drain into…

A

Internal iliac vein

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14
Q

List vessels entering the pelvis in females

A 
Vesicular arteries
Uterine arteries
Middle rectal artery
Vaginal artery
Uterine tube
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15
Q

List vessels entering the pelvis in males

A

Vas deferens
Vesicular arteries
Middle rectal artery

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16
Q

Describe the structure of the trigone in the bladder

A

Triangle in internal bladder
2 ureteric orifices at base (superior)
Internal urethral orifice in floor (inferior)

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17
Q

Which muscle forms most of the bladder wall and encircles ureteric orifices?

A

Detrusor muscle

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18
Q

Which structure is located inferior to the bladder in males?

A

Prostate

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19
Q

What is the function of the detrusor muscle in urinary flow?

A

Tightens when bladder contracts to prevent reflux of urine superiorly into the ureter

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20
Q

What is the function of the detrusor muscle in males specifically?

A

Forms the internal urethral sphincter - contracts during ejaculation to prevent retrograde ejaculation of semen into the bladder

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21
Q

Which structure is located anterior to the bladder?

A

Pubic bone

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22
Q

Which structure is located superior to the bladder in females?

A

Uterus

23
Q

Which structure is located posterior to the bladder?

A

Rectum

24
Q

All of the bladder is covered by peritoneum. True/ False?

A

False

Only the superior surface is covered

25
Q

When the bladder is full it extends…

A

Superior to the pubic bone

26
Q

State the main catheterisation routes

A

Urethral (most common)

Suprapubic (through anterior abdominal wall and avoiding peritoneal cavity)

27
Q

What is the approximate length of the urethra in females?

A

4cm

28
Q

What is the approximate length of the urethra in males?

A

20cm

29
Q

Outline the lower urinary tract in females from pelvis to perineum

A

PELVIS: bladder - internal urethral orifice - urethra
(LEVATOR ANI)
PERINEUM: urethra - external urethral sphincter - external urethral orifice

30
Q

What is the external urethral sphincter?

A

Voluntary skeletal muscle encircling the urethra

31
Q

Outline the lower urinary tract in males from pelvis to perineum

A

PELVIS: bladder - internal urethral orifice - internal urethral sphincter - prostate
(LEVATOR ANI)
PERINEUM: prostatic urethra - external urethral sphincter - spongy urethra - penile urethra - external urethral orifice

32
Q

What is the internal urethral sphincter?

A

Involuntary skeletal muscle in bladder neck of males

33
Q

The testis develop in the _____ and migrate to the ____

A

Abdomen

Scrotum

34
Q

List the structures of the spermatic cord and give their function

A 
Testicular artery  (oxy. blood to testes)
Testicular vein (pampniform plexus) (deoxy. blood from testes)
Vas deferens (transport sperm)
Lymphatic vessels (drain testes)
Autonomic nerves (SM of vas)
Somatic nerves  (control cremaster muscle)
35
Q

The testis are contained within…

A

Tunica vaginalis in scrotal sac

36
Q

Name the two layers covering the testis

A

Visceral layer

Parietal layer

37
Q

The testis are a continuation of the…

A

Spermatic cord

38
Q

What is testicular torsion?

A

Twist of spermatic cord which disrupts blood supply to testis causing severe pain and testicular necrosis

39
Q

What is a hydrocele?

A

Fluid in excess in tunica vaginalis

40
Q

Outline the blood supply to the testis

A

Abdominal aorta –> Right and left testicular artery

41
Q

Outline the venous drainage from the testis

A

Left testicular vein –> Left renal vein –> IVC

Right testicular vein –> IVC

42
Q

What structure within the testis is involved in the production of sperm?

A

Seminiferous tubules

43
Q

Outline the route taken by sperm from testis to urethra

A 
Testis
--> Epididymis for storage
--> Vas deferens
--> Deep inguinal ring
--> Inguinal canal
Posterior to bladder
--> Seminal vesicles
--> Ejaculatory ducts (vas deferens and seminal glands)
--> Prostatic urethra
44
Q

Outline the structure of the prostate. Which part is a common site for malignancy?

A 
Peripheral zone (common site for malignancy)
Central zone
45
Q

List the surface anatomy of the penis

A

Root
Body
Glans
External urethral orifice

46
Q

Outline the contents of the penis in terms of erectile tissue

A

3 CYLINDERS OF ERECTILE TISSUE that engorge with blood at onset of erection
(Inferior) Corpus spongiosum
(Superior) Right and left corpus cavernosum

47
Q

What is the function of the corpus spongiosum tissue?

A

Transmits spongy urethra and expands distally into the glans

48
Q

What is the function of the corpus cavernosum tissue?

A

Transmits deep arteries of penis

49
Q

Outline the blood supply to the penis

A

Internal iliac artery –> Internal pudenal artery –> Deep arteries

50
Q

State the lymphatic drainage for the penis

A

Superficial inguinal nodes (not glans)

51
Q

State the lymphatic drainage for the testis

A

Lumbar nodes

52
Q

Outline the blood supply to the scrotum

A

Internal pudenal artery

Branches of external iliac artery

53
Q

State the lymphatic drainage for the penis

A

Superficial inguinal nodes

renal anatomy (6 decks)

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